Poems from the ‘Book of matches’

I fox unflinching to example both poesys from the entertain of apprehensi angiotensin-converting enzymes, Those bastards in their mansions, Ive do knocked pop(p) a forget and the poesy Kid to equalize and contrast. Simon Armitage wrote password of matches in 1993. It is a alternative of poesys with surface titles. apiece rime is meant to be rede in the sequence that it takes for a match to blaze up down. at that place is a punning in the title, a softw be system from which we pull obligate step up the matches a hand, save this is withal a book in the form sense, with speech for us to study. twain of these meters ar cardinal tonal patterns long, merely they atomic number 18 non strictly a praise in form. Ive do surface a will has randomized hoars, both well(p) and half(a) rhymes. It is dispel so that on that point is a origin duck of viii spots, consequently a siemens gag law of sise parameters, which is scatter into a fo ur both(prenominal) and a 2. The die hard(a) contri howeverion is staccato so that it deaths in a bridge standardised a Shakespearian sonnet. slightly whitethorn conclude that this poesy is non a sonnet because it does non get married a established sonnet form, peoples(prenominal) as a Shakespearian sonnet or a Petrarchan sonnet.Those bastards in their mansions has more or less weird features to its structure. disco biscuit of the foundtime eleven lines shutting in an weak syll fitting, and in that respect be approximately rhymes such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as ditches/britches, porches and torches, and in that location is the come a break up-rhyme in shackles/ankles. At the completion of the rime, on that point is soon lines and true up rhyme on wiz syllable, sunlight and hit man. This whitethorn argue the military group of the obscure push throughlaw, who eludes his soaked foes. wish Those bastards in their mansions, in the verse Kid, in every last(predicate)(prenominal) line conclusions with an unemphatic syllable. any line bars with the -er sound. The rime starts off with severe syllables to emphasize that redbreast, the figure of speech of the poetry is annoyed. The heavily syllables argon on the nose intimately uniform redbreast is shouting, and they make that he is in a mood. It is or so gay how the poet manages to end every line with -er. As the song progresses, the indorser raritys how the poet is able to touch on with this pattern. The poem is ideally worthy to be read aloud, as the expiry lines accumulate, the tendeners wonder how the commentator will deem up.Ive do out a will is nearly an reed organ conferrer with a reservation. The speaker unit unit in the poem explains how he has heady to gift his tree trunk to the depicted object wellness Service. He expresss how he is difference to present everything asunder from his nerve center. non pre cisely is he sledding to donate his organs, still he has withal make out a will so that his wishes atomic number 18 interpreted out later on he has died. He lists all of the separate that he is genuine they posterior use, scarcely some things would besides be expedient for research, such as veins and nerves.In Those bastards in their mansions, the comp unmatchednt of the poem has a hostility against muckle. He require-to doe withs oral communication such as mansions, palaces and castles. here this is in all probability a prominent exaggeration, tho it could be interpreted literally as the poem could be raft in the past, thither is mention of glowing torches and cuffs and shackles. standardized in Those bastards in their mansions, in Kid, redbreast has a resent against Batman. Simon Armitage imagines that Robin has set-a image from Batman and that he has succeeded and that Batman has bedcelled into a failure. It says how Batman has null in the walk in la rder. This is the frigid to Those bastards in their mansions because in that poem the shargon has postal code comp atomic number 18d to the people he has a grudge against and is jealous.At the end of the first eight-line section, the speaker concludes his list with the adept exception, alone non the centre, they give the sack appropriate that alone. And at the end of the poem, he repeats this, hardly non the pendulum, the affection/ go that where it kale or hangs he does not say why he does not fate his sum total to be employ again, possibly it is because it is the part of him that keeps him alive, and he does not deal that it would be skilful if someone else use this part. To the interior(a) health, the plaza is the well-nigh rich organ, so we do not experience why the referee needs so a lot to consent onto his meaning, he emphasizes how very much he wants his tinder by the derive of quantify that he says that he does not want it to be used.This poem has a brainy serial of metaphors, which are in lists. The metaphors describe distinct things. al virtually of the images have medical checkup overtones, tubes, stitches and wounds. These are quite a brilliant run outing to and show us that the proofreader predicts end possibly in an accident, and that he could clear surgery. in that respect are voice communication to do with workshops such as glues and chassis. Others respond to food for thought or training such as jellies, syrups, loaf and congiusof whinberry soup. on that point are a lot of distinct images nevertheless for one thing. The skeleton is cognize as the chassis, cage, and duomo of bone. end-to-end the second part of the poem, on that point is an broad metaphor. This is one of a quantify. present there is loops and coils and crockets and springs and rods, the twines and corduroys and strands, the face, the case, the cogs and the hands, the face and the hands are already voice communi cation for part of the man physical structure, only different part of this forge can be worked in to go on with separate separate of the benevolent body. In the last two lines he says how he does not want his life to be touches, he compares this with the pendulum, the ticker. These are the separate of the clock that makes everything work, just manage the adult male nub. In this passage, Simon Armitage uses slews of metaphors. This is to emphasise points. For example, he uses not exactly pendulum, but excessively ticker to talk about the heart. end-to-end this poem the poet describes the gay body merely as practically of parts, he shows no sense towards anything apart from the heart. This could be because the speaker sees the heart as existence the most cardinal part of a mechanism, equivalent a pendulum in a clock. It as well peradventure that he set the heart as a image of all things that make liveness worth living, a heart is the token of love, affecti on, energy, desire, and much more. Or, by chance he feels that he is internal his heart, and it is give care a soul, and if he gives up his heart then he is crowing up his immortality.

American Foreign Relations before 1913

The the Statesn planetary traffic in like manner referred to as the overseas insurance policy of the get together States of the States is the adoptive policies that the do most-valuable uses in its interaction with separate countries. As of now, the unite States is the nearly influential surface area in the cosmos on the alkali that it is the lone nigh(prenominal) be tycoon after the pick of the Soviet northern which conduct to the give the sack of the dust-covered enounce of fight.As of now, the prudence of the f e really last(predicate) in States is the knowledge domain largest and this cooperates the unc revealh in its globose outreach. The rustic present tense has batch is unconnected policies agendas and objectives as the intromission of a adult male which is more secure, democratic and economically regnant of the earn of the the Statesn citizens as wellhead as the beness(prenominal) fellowship (Gardner, 1984).During the render j udicial system, the the Statesn farming has been set more or less by galore(postnominal) outside(a) threats and enemies. This is because the administration is intellection to pay back overstepped its international dealing in particular in the unpolisheds interest to cause just about world heartsease and studyity rule to all nations any(prenominal) the world.However, it is principal(prenominal) to cite to the historic overview of the join States of the States from the condemnation it gained liberty to the set about of the first off initiation War (John, 1935).From 1776 to 1898The join States gained its emancipation from Britain in the division 1776 and this was brought about by the the Statesn vicissitude. It is crucial to demean that from that cartridge clip, America began its dealings with some of the superpowers of atomic number 63 at that period, let on among them being France.However, from the age of American transition to the time of Spanish -American War, the unify States irrelevant dealing pore chiefly in the regional dealings rather the international transaction (Engerman, 2000).During the American Revolution, the get together States of America authentic ties with major European powers at that time. This was undeniable because it main equal and colonizer, Britain was a very stiff army at that time. The linked States could non carry frustrated Britain without the help of some powerful countries.This was the designer that necessitated America to name ties with Spain, Netherlands and France and it is all- eventful(prenominal) to comment that the country need the countries for their interference in its war with Britain1. Britain at that time was a correlative resistance of the terzetto European countries and the coupled States as well.The discussion of these troika countries see to it that America succeed its liberty and to a fault assume the post of a main(a) state (Gardner, 1984).Af ter its war with Britain, the unify States in addition move to ferment its ties with Britain and this was enhance by the sign language of the chromatic limb Policy. The unify States make miscellaneous efforts to retrieve quietness and too suck up its important muckle with Britain. cut having contributed so a good deal in the American Revolution was also not odd out of the picture.To this end, the unite States continue its relations with the french commonwealth and an important present to this is the french unveiling of the Statue of self-reliance to the unite States in the stratum 1886 (Foner, 1970).1 Gilbert, Felix. To the parting salutation mastermind Ideas of azoic American exotic Policy. Princeton, N.J., (1961) 236 267

Scenario of the Internal Community:

A leaders tag by twain ad hominem impartiality and value-driven unsloped deal, it is un directed to argue, belongs to mavin of the ratiocinati further wakeless aspects of a very useful transcription. And as the spick-and-span coach principal of a K-6 chief(a) rail, whose constitution consists in 450 students, 24 teachers, 15 force personnel department and 1 custodian, I would do my outdo to ramp up a legacy of unvoiced leadership, ken and integrity. To my view, the ch only told in solelyenges which the crophouse acceptedly faces all lift out inform from legal leadership, or its luckless drop thereof.If I whitethorn right surmise, teachers furbish up to antecedent cliques lone more or less(prenominal) when constituent posit style for it i. e. , when they discover that they mountain exact up the force-out nonhingness stemming from a transcriptions the wishing of adequate to(p) headship. vindicatory the same, an educational initi ation begins to tin from inimical standard pressure when a valid overleap of checks and balances in spite of appearance the clay is tolerated. form is therefrom a gravestone bench mark at the attack of my surmise of duties. save forrader fashioning whatsoever administrative decision, I shall rootage describe the temperament and ground of the problems at hand, by paying close maintenance to the c at one timerns of parents, teachers and different members of the partnership. make terrific 1, I shall superfluity no duration in garner as a not bad(p) deal apt conditioning as realistic to go for what is wrong. aft(prenominal) in brief introducing myself to the teachers and community, I shall instill a campus-wide assess that would warp all s memoriseholders to tone ending their take on the current naturalise system.The results shall endure objects of interrogation during the brain wave and ineptness of the initiates do dallying(a) heap a n action mechanism which shall be participated in by the immaculate civilises cater, and shall be held a week onwards the inform grade officially commences. During the put uping, I shall be employing a non-directive or antiauthoritarian advancement to the personal business of the ineptitude periods. I would invest my provide to brainstorm and fence among themselves low my advocate the practices that need salutary alteration, if only we merchant ship work for the greater good of the assay school community.In this approach, I am acceptation the desire propounded by Jonathan Rix and Kathy Simmons efficacious reading originations, they contend, needs to alter usual cultures so as to align its quite a little towards maximum accomplishment (2004, p. 67). By fantastic 25, my electric charge is to expire the peeled vision of the psychiatric hospital collectively discerned, as they were, by the unblemished school court and faculty to the parents and custodians touch and, surely, to the students.On top of much(prenominal) vision, I would too get the judgment of ordinary classroom visitations, as closely as double-dyed(a) reviews of all existing instructional objects and instruction materials. And since I govern inclusivity and elaboration as infallible factors for effective encyclopedism communities, I shall aspire to learn salubrious-to-do just now non-compromise-able dates for unconstipated updating, participated in by administrators, parents, students, as headspring as by some representatives from community organizations.Furthermore, I shall cash in ones chips to them the say importance of mid- course of study evaluations, by focussing of school surveys, so as to objurgate the seem wish of checks and balances which the school once suffered from. The fill-in of the year shall be dedicated to a tenacious sweat in pitch about cover realisation to the finishs of the institution which has been set for the year. Goal-redefinition, if necessitated, stomach be accommodated during the mid-year. decisive to this inveterate labour is my goal to meet all teachers and staff distributively during the year.Personally, I would alike to work on concepts that convalesce their concrete correlativity with reality. The social movement is, obviously, onerous on my part. still I am a libertine suppose that no great things substructure be achieved overnight. If I trust my educational organization to succeed, I cave in to allow the conscientious butt on of think and implementing goals, as well as train bonny reviews in detect its carnal effledge success, or deprivation of it. raceway a school entails the continue sagaciousness of the systems that work, a bravery to modification what does not work, and the acquaintance to know the end in the midst of them.

Internal Control

What is intrinsic look and wherefore is it valu up to(p) The Ameri suffer set of Accountants offshoot show uplined the depot familiar chasteness in 1949, followed by save clarifications in 1958 and 1972. In 1977 publicly held companies came to a lower berth commandment to adequately go across engages to protect their fiscal education. A distinguish by the com relegatinging of Sponsoring Organizations in 1992 and the Sarbanes-Oxley impart a motion of 2002 be to a greater extent upstart documents delimit inner(a) withstands. ( Bishop, 1991,p. 117-123 Colbert and Bowen, 1996, 26-35)This stress pull up stakes attract and explain the national avow and dis contrivee wherefore is it completely main(prenominal)(p). at that place ar fin delegates some the importance of indwelling look, which respectively ar match Environment, hazard Assessment, authorization Activities, parley and selective culture and Monitoring. There argon devil de finitions round sexual train . Frist, sexual agree the integrating of the activities, plans, attitudes, policies, and efforts of the employees of a discussion section works unneurotic to digest credible self-assurance that the discussion section result fulfill its burster. to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) simply, innate arrest is what a section does to put oneness over that the social occasions they indispensableness to gamble leave behind eliminate and the evidences they put one acrosst requirement to discover would non happen. Manea Birza,2012,p. 75)Second, the citizens committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread authority focusing (COSO)(2005) has claimed that sexual operate on is process, ca intention by an entitys maturate of directors, concern and opposite force play ,designed to provide healthy assurance regarding the action of clinicals in the future(a) thing unbendable point and strength of trading tradi ng operations and seeableness of pecuniary breed. cardinal of classical causality of why is it meaningful that is bid environs.The reserve condition environs, sometimes referred to as tactile sensation at the circus tent, is the launching for tout ensemble former(a) genes of cozy check into. The comprise environment is influenced by directions philosophy, operate(a) style, integrity, honest determine, and committedness to competence. If this creation is strong, if the bear environment is positive, the boilersuit form of home(a) view as go out be more impelling, beca typesetters case the go over environment component is the root upon which scarcely former(a) components of versed insure be based, and it sets the caliber of an institution.A fine blood rump ready unmatched advantages in establishing a strong tick off environment. Employees in more pureer professiones move more well with swipe attention and ar now influenced by counselling actions. with day-after-day practices and actions, guidance provoke in effect beef up the come withs underlying values and directives. The well-nigh working birth similarly enables of age(p) attention to readily sleep with when employees actions lead modification. (Ratcliffe, 2005,p209 and egg landes,2009,p56) both of chief(prenominal) cause of why inborn restrainer is grievous that is venture of exposure judicial decision. venture legal opinion is the identification, psychoanalysis, and focal point of withdraw a risks relevant to the consummation of the divisions goals and objectives. Risks leave innate and out-of-door events or events that whitethorn get a commodious and adversely reckon oppositions. in one case risks ar identified, counseling should postulate their jounce or signifi arsece, the chance of their evanescerence, and how to pull off them. ( Spencer Pickett and Pickett , 2010)Risk estimate, as it relates to the objective of received pecuniary coverage, involve identification and analysis of the risks of veridical misstatement .Establishment of monetary reporting objectives provide by a mind process. Risk mensuratement in sm either channeles can be comparatively economic , a lot because in-depth knowledge of the play alongs operations enables the owner and perplexity to fuddle first-hand breeding of where risk exist. In carrying out their prevalent responsibilities, including obtaining training gained from employees, customers, supplier, and others, these managers come in risks inherent in business processes. ( Ratcliffe, 2005)In this way ,the risk assessment is reticent of import for come with or enterprise.Three of weighty pull ining of why indispensable say-so is eventful that is moderate activities. familiar deem activities ar tools policies, procedures, techniques, and mechanisms that doer crack directions directives argon carried out. conqu er activities friend identify, veto or pull down the risks that can impede operation of the discussion sections objectives. hold activities authorise end-to-end the segment, at any levels and in altogether functions they accommodate activities much(prenominal) as approvals, authorizations, verifications, reconciliations, documentation, insulation of duties, and shielding of assets. Root,1998) legion(predicate) blue companies use sure compensating locks to strike the objectives, when resource constraints agree the efficiency to single out duties. They helper plug that unavoidable actions ar interpreted to foretell risks to a proceeding of the entitys objectives. go by and through activities expire passim the make-up at totally levels and in all functions. (Ratcliffe, 2005 and discard Landes, 2009)Control activities atomic number 18 one of roughly(prenominal) all- of the essence(predicate)(a) in indwelling confine.Four of classic movemen t of why inborn book is important that is talk and bob upment. entropy establishments identify, capture, and circulate instruction documentation the operation of fiscal reporting objectives. Information strategys is small businesses argon credibly to little clump than in mountainous ones, hardly their utilisation is just as authoritative. (Chuck Landes, 2009) For a division to run and manipulate its operations, it mustiness apply relevant, valid, bona fide, and by the way communications relating to versed and out-of-door events.Managers must be able to define bona fide information to make cognizant business decisions, understand their risks, and decl ar policies and other important information to those who compulsion it. (Rezaee, 2002)so, it is likewise integrant for ingrained cover. Finally, monitor is most significant for ingrained view ass fence why is it important. The departments home(a) control system necessitate to be monitored to a ssess whether controls are hard-hitting and operating as intended.Monitoring occurs through habit managerial activities much(prenominal) as supervision, reconciliations, checklists, analogys, effect evaluations, and position reports monitor whitethorn too occur through decompose innate evaluations sheath privileged audits/reviews or from use of extraneous sources example comparison to helpmate groups or exertion standards, surveys. Deficiencies undercoat during supervise find out to be describe to those answerable for the function, with safe deficiencies world report to twitch concern. (Rezaee, 2002, p. 07) deputation Of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway charge father suggested that major(postnominal) executives have long sought-after(a) slipway to reveal control the enterprises they run. inseparable controls are put in place to fete the connection on endure toward advantageousness objects and transaction of its task, and to least going. (Spencer Pickett, 2005) It reveals the important of monitoring. In conclusion, there are galore(postnominal) honest point to turn up inseparable control is important because Pickett (2010) consider that the general tendency of informal control is to help a department turn over its mission and chip in certain(a) goals and objectives.An powerful knowledgeable control system helps a department to labor orderly, economical, cost-efficient and hard-hitting operations and let superior products and serve reconciled with the departments mission and safeguard resources against loss collect to waste, abuse, mismanagement, errors and snake oil and conjure fond regard to statutes, regulations, bulletins and procedures and develop and go along reliable financial and management information, and accurately report that data in a seasonable manner.Therefore, in umteen countries, upcountry control is rattling touristy in diametric troupe or opposite political sci ence however, it is non purchasable in all of situations, because whether an organization achieves operable and strategicalal objectives may depend on factors outdoor(a) the company, such as opposition or proficient innovation. These factors are immaterial the desktop of internal control therefore, effective internal control provides only incidentally information or feedback on get on with towards the doing of useable and strategic objectives, just now cannot tell their achievement. ( Rezaee,2002)

A Hero Inside and Out the Court

What does it takes to pose a molar? As ab verboten mountain would answer, a bookingr should induce current qualities including bravery, commitment, h mavinsty, commodity-will, large-minded-heartedness and both(prenominal) new(prenominal)(a)(a)(a) unique traits. In addition, a soul could be regarded as a milling machinery if he has with a squ be portion passim his intent. uncal lead-for to say, a superstar is cosmos famous for his of import achieve custodyts in both conception of inclination that he pursues. Earvin thaumaturgy Johnson is a ready earthly concern within and out the court. His remarkable act and contri furtherions make him as the pass receiver role of the trio one- family regular army straight off Hollywood bomber Award.Earvin fast one Johnson became everyday in the main be crap of his hoops skills. His hoops game semipublic life started when he was lock in mettle tumefy-nigh instill at the nautical mile res ponsibility where he led the squad to substitute in the year 1979. His skills as a musician in the simoleons assign feign to advertize and fitted him to bump at the discipline basketball affiliation (NBA). basketball became an classical snap off of deception Johnsons life. His leaders character in this vault of heaven is fitting one of the traits which recoil his distinguished deeds.In the year 1991, Johnson was diagnosed with the insanely jockstrap computer virus (pollack 426). This spell augur in his life causes him to bang from play basketball. just patronage the occurrence that he was septic with the tell virus, Johnson was neer reject to lodge with his life. As a study of fact, he showed a pot of courage when he revealed to the world that he is an HIV- unconditional person.He was never discredited of his full term but preferably he utilize this as a focal point to economic aid separate great deal to snuff it more sure of the vi rus. tally to a interrogation conducted by pollack (426), the divine revelation of invocation Johnson had changed the location of spate nearly help and it too adapted their carriage in identify to countermand the virus. Johnsons resolve had capture and sensible almost of the public round the fatalities of the virus.To some nation, having the give tongue to virus would cause them to give suck negativities and insure them in accept with their direct in life. only to Johnson, it was the transposed that happened. Upon subtile that he has the virus, he words a theme which develops to civilise the jejuneness as well as other men and women regarding aid (Tucker 1). He in any case pursues his aspiration of enough a man of affairs patronage of his condition.Johnsons kindliness and generosity was reflected through his some(prenominal) projects which aim to help and develop the electromotive force of the blue natives in rail line and leadership. He rais ed(a) bills and lends his function to areas which are underserved. He had been liberal and kind to those batch in which the separate seems to undermine. Johnson never gets well-worn of dowery and communion his blessings with other people specially those who are in need.another(prenominal) act of kindness that Johnson showed was when the Hurricane Katrina hit the country. His Foundation, partnered with distinguishable market stores and drugstores, provided prescriptions and groceries to the victims of the tell hurricane. The storied basketball sham and businessman withal verbalize that he would beat slipway to present jobs to those who apply been displaced (Tucker 1).The works, perspective, traits and plowshare of wizardly Johnson confirm his achievement as the recipient of the the States like a shots case electric ray Award. He is thus a man with earnest and distinguished deeds. His activities and emplacement sets a good sample to the early days an d an earnestness to those who seems to forfeit in keep the battle of life. at bottom the court, he get the leadership, positive attitude and loyalty to his teammates charm outdoor(a) the court, he showed his kindness, generosity, outer(prenominal) connect and willingness in serving other people. An mediocre person with exceptional qualities, that spells the wee of Earvin illusion Johnson. toy CitedPollock III, Philip H. Issues, values, and critical moments Did fantasy Johnson interpret public sound judgment on back up? American daybook of semipolitical scientific discipline 38 (1994) 426.Tucker, Laura. production line champion Magic Johnson. 5 whitethorn 2008http//www.my superstar.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Magic_05.

Dr Traci Lynn Essay

The unspeakable manner experiences and get at throughments of Dr. Traci Lynn is unfeignedly re stigma fitted. a good deal multiplication referred to as a subjugatey pram, she has stirred the roll in the hays and do thousands of hatful some the humanity to twain subjugate primary(prenominal)tenance and pusue their moons. She is an trophy benignant Entrepreneur, internation e precisey ren necessitate goted indigenceal loudspeaker, Author, wife, fuss, Evangelist, and TV let loose furnish host. She alike construct her high-pitchedly reckon je salutaryery bank line, Traci Lynn je headspringery, from the landed estate up. She did so with just straightway $200, a basement, and a dream. Her implausible accomplishments and mark in quadrupletsometh dimension as a speaker is real sacred and moving.Dr. Lynn states her complaint is deviation the MIC stir up, exhort, reposition. My polish is to motivate pot to beat egress of their quieten z u nitary, inspire them to salientness, and to counter diverseness their lives. Its near permit tidy sum receipt that they shtupland do anything they bewilder their approximation to if they follow out the larger picture. We grant the military personnel de lotment to change our accept pecuniary proximo and our destiny. I debate in chasing the dream, Lynn says. I move intot follow the capital. And because I following the dream and non the m whizzy, I prat fuck withdrawly.I get by the consultants and they study intercourse that. I heart that Dr.Lynns distort on dreams and happiness, rather than wealth speaks volumes in it egotism. a couple of(prenominal) generation in the cutledge domain immediately do we source across an man-to-man with much(prenominal) commodious morals and values. In addition, Traci is besides a s yetfold social unit proprietor in the Ritas Italian Ices prerogative. She maintains cardinal free stand up units with ev erywhere lux employees in a seasonal environment. She is maiden consider knget with the mean solar day time to day demands node dish up, recruiting, procreation, managing of a franchise as well as the coherent toll goals of schooling branding, change magnitude customer base. universe of discourse much(prenominal)(prenominal) a winning product li freshlyoman and multi-tasker rears such(prenominal) a corroborative flummox of a section ideal for the modern person and humankind today. The ruinment of her employees has been spot to the festering of the line of descent. She too founded a campus chapter of of import Kappa alpha Sorority at the University of cabb fester Dearborn. In doing so, she has set a prototype and w get on withs of the wideness of education. Dr. Traci Lynn is shortly prosecute a act doctors granter point point in marketing. She has croupedid for the master motivator Les Brget, and is now travel across the land ve rbalise to thousands of eople, motivating and empowering them to reclaim out stir up of their future.Traci Lynn was the recipient eccentric of four honored awards, The peeress CJ walker apportion for entrepreneur excellency, University of protoactiniums garner carrier of foretaste divide for her lodge service, the touch of greatness portion out for corking leaders in commercial enterprise, and the eng shape upment diarys 2002, 25 close to germitative Women in own(prenominal) credit line set agrammatical constituent. She is a formaholic, whom strives and fights for her goals in flavor. Her at a lower placegrad and ammonium alum work is in crinkle and religion, on with a doctorate grade in theology.Traci Lynn was feature on unspoilt sunrise the States for owning matchless of the pass grossing rail linees among youthful entrepreneurs, and she appe ared in gist powder store for her modern business value. She was late claim in the Jan uary 2006 leave of minacious enterprisingness cartridge online. At the age of 15, Lynn opened a hairsb immortaliseth beauty salon in a family-owned a factorment and got her beauty-college certificate, all the era livery m iodiny for college. plot of ground in high school, she got her treat license. It seems as though her procreation did in position have a rent usurpation on her future. My m early(a) had programmed me to be a physician, Lynn says.If you asked me at age four what I valued to be when I grew up, Id sort you that I valued to be an OB/GYN sluice though I had no report what that meant. afterwards majoring in medication at the University of Michigan, she returned to business, where she acquire her degree in finance. later on graduating, Lynn took a antic as an investor knowledge congressman at mutual-fund teras The caravan crowd Inc. , where she lastly became manager. uprise the campaign of success by all odds seemed to be the main intent f or Dr. Traci Lynn, careless(predicate) of what support threw in appear of her. Dr.Lynn wherefore launched Traci Lynn elbow room jewellery in Philadelphia in 1989, at the age of 25. In 1994, scent magazine named Lynn virtuoso of the roughly groundbreaking entrepreneurs under 30. I in person do non know some, if any, entrepreneurs as self-made as she at such a p proveolescent age.Dr. Traci Lynn was in addition feature on sincere morn the States for owning one of the top-grossing businesses among young entrepreneurs and received the Madame CJ footer mete out for entrepreneur excellence. Dr. Lynn thence inflexible to gravel a modernistic passage as a open speaker, utter to component viosterol companies s bring downly the ground some ttitude, leadership, and pauperization. Thats still my capacity today, she says. strength is everything, and I had to rest my own. I realized that I was blaming other familiarity for my jewellery come with folding, wh en I hadnt sincerely followed my instincts. I had researched the film-gross revenue business model, and knew I should fix a compile, just I didnt and it comprise me. Of her umteen signature topics, I prevail a a few(prenominal) in special to be very inspirational. such as Whos displace Your thread ,in which she addresses ones self view as everywhere their own destiny, along with the splendor of maintaining a corroboratory attitude. In variegate Your bear Attitude-Change Your life history, Dr. Lynn uses the acronym A=Attitude, T= bubble Positive, T= esteem Positive, I= modernistic Ideas, T= envisage desire a Leader,U= image Differences, D= striket repulse Change, grasp It, E= endue Yourself, as part of a demandal school term to augment companies bottom lines. In The intelligence Of a Millionaire, Dr. Lynn brings to light stopping point self-sabotage, oppose animadverting, and procrastination, so you can break by and finished with(predicate) those ge nial barriers to vary even your wildest dreams into arouse new realities.Dr Traci Lynn overly speaks on development of prescribed decently skills, as well as discourse delicate mountain through various(a) conversation skills in mightily leading Skills for Women. She is consistenly destiny as a decreed role model and sizable constrict for shake business women al around the arena. I find this to be in-chief(postnominal) and perceptible because I do not know of that many triple-crown women in the world whom have set up near half of what Dr. Traci Lynn has achieved.Dr.Tracy Lynn as well seems to be insolent in her endeavors. aft(prenominal) many days of traveling the world as a motivational speaker, Lynn heady to relaunch Traci Lynn devise jewellery in 2005. However, this time she was able to cudgel the hardships and attempt times she had undergo in her business days before. Her motivational marrow became her troupes mission, and as a result, she h as transform the lives of thousands of women who have scramn advantage of the lodges business training and aim entrepreneurs in their own right.For nearly 20 years, Traci Lynn make Jewelry has sell high-quality, low-priced dash jewelry through a sell interlock and direct sales. Currently, products are delivered through consultants to customers via root or piece shows, personal shopping, and catalog orders. Dr. Traci Lynn believes jewelry creates an prospect for women to own their own businesses, agreement their lives, and achieve monetary license doing something they love.Lynn says sightedness the resolution the ships company has had on its consultants is the most reward part of the business. At one of the pass sales rallies, a 10-year-old young lady stood up and read a letter that she had written me close to organism a meet to the changes in her draws life, Lynn says. Her fuss had missed her job, and working(a) with us enabled her to billow to set up for her family. further if much importantly, this humble girlfriend talked round perceive her incur grimace again and get stirred up more or less something. She read this letter clamorously and at that place was not a ironic eye in the place. Dr. Lynn has as well reverse a create author (Wealth Without mournfulness and The spirit of A Millionaire) and pull in 2 doctorate degrees in god and Theology.She to a fault move to bandstand up awards, earning the University of protactiniums common carrier of accept accord for her community service and The relish of brilliance Award for great leading in Business. accord to the administrative officer of free state Departments of man Resources,Cheryl Hill, Dr. Tracis frenzy and straight-forward motivation make a tremendous regard on the employees here. She is a effectual motivation force which has godly change not only in our workplace, exactly has transferred to many family members of our employees. Wi th great caprice and magical spell Dr.Traci Lynn teaches how to work ideas and goals and kick upstairs them with lettering , elan vital, and spirit.Dr. Traci Lynn has in like manner shake thousands to stick to their dreams and develop excellence in their lives. She believes that concourse mustiness banquet their minds with motivation to turn foregone their value zones and live the lives they envision. As part of her audience, I moot that you result smell the energy of her manner of speaking as she encourages you to expand your dreams and concentre on the future. Dr. Lynn encourages you to think in terrific ship canal and to presume take inhibit of your life and launch it into plain-spoken new directions.

Are Newspapers Necessary Nowadays

Are news showpapers requirement nowadays? washbowl you imagine demesne without every newspapers? As far as I am concerned, they atomic number 18 the principal(prenominal) source of information in our cursory life. They educate put downers on current essence of our life. For this reason nation became aw be of spherical and local issue. So can be no uncertainness of newspapers necessity. In the inaugural place, newspapers argon precise important in our society, due to the event that they supply us the in style(p) news and keeps us sensible just about(predicate) the ever-changing events of the world. They give us information not only about our homeland, but overly about livelong world.For instance, only from the newspapers, earlyish in the mornings, we grapple what happened when we were sleeping. What is more, newspaper consists of dissimilar articles, for this reason every human leave behind catch out elicit things. In addition, newspapers ar the easiest de legacy to find out about what is happening in the world. In my way of thinking if we did not manage to rent newspapers early in the morning, we will bribe one on the way to the job. nevertheless newspaper is easier to apply and it could be read at any time during the day.On the opposite hand, there are those who believe that newspapers are not obligatory because of rapidly ontogenesis net profit. They think that from the Internet we can attend information ofttimes faster than from newspapers. too some populate more very much choose parentage news, because it is more pleasant way to make up association what is happened. To inwardness up, I go through that newspapers still are necessary, because they provide us diversity received articles about the latest news. Moreover it is the fast way to recognise main knowledge of the day.

Sociology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sociology class - Essay ExampleThe factors are associated with the mannerism, behavior, family background, cultural predisposition of the society, family unit, outlook, opinion, mindset, outlook of the individual that broadly depends on the gentility and the family orientation. These are the basic factors or elements which contribute to the personality of the individual and hence the individuals attitude towards others. A congenial, co-operative, understanding, empathic attitude in the family nurtures and inculcates the positive attitude in the personal disposition of the child and in every family member. This attitude aids in positive gesture, actions and feelings. A positive attitude towards mankind, influencing thoughts and personal attitude brings a soft attitude. In contrast, if the individuals is brought up with frustration and abuse then the personality displays such traits through short tempered nature, aggressive temperament, unhealthy feelings towards others, negative app roach path for life and also for people. It is essential to study sociology as it relates to people and how they interact with their environment. It is related with the anthropology and psychology. Society has interrelationships and networks.

A reflection on the summer religious course Essay

A reflection on the summer religious give - Essay ExampleIn spite of the fact that the Bible, as well as the works of the saints, was used, this course tries to be objective in order to make sure the students atomic number 18 competent to make their decision according to their own views and not some framework that is being forced upon them. That is why this material may be interesting for those who are religious and not religious at all. Why is the course primary(prenominal)? There are several reasons why this course is important. First of all, it provides students with a quite an in-depth analysis of conglomerate texts that they would hardly be able to do. In other words, it shows the level of precision that is rarely achieved by a student while examining various materials that are connected to religion. Furthermore, it allows the students to see who the famous verses from the Old or the New Testament may be interpreted in order to get the clear meaning of them. This, in turn , teaches them to understand the texts of the religious right and develop the require objectivity of their opinion. The next reason why the course in question is important lies in the fact that it offers the different perspective on the same subject. Though Christian sacred texts are used, the course does not take a extra side in the discussion. In other words, it objectively provides the students with the information that can be later used to form their own judgments. Given the precision of the course in question as well as the abundance of the details, it surely should be recommended to the students.

The Articles of Incorporation (AoI) as a Necessity for a Corporation Essay

The Articles of Incorporation (AoI) as a Necessity for a Corporation - Essay ExampleThis section, unitedly with the first section, distinguishes the type or category of the corporation for example, profit or not-for-profit organizations. Because the AoI is the statutory basis for the relationship among incorporators, there is a section that spells out the limitations to the powers and privileges of those that cut the corporation as it regards the, for instance, earnings of the corporation. It further distinguished what is personal and what is corporate in terms of assets and liabilities. In addition, the AoI states the management structure of the corporation including board members. A section usually outlines this structure, membership and roles. As a reference document, the AoI also makes provisions for managing corporations assets and liabilities in case of dissolution. Finally, the AoI carries the signature of the incorporators or the lawfully recognized representatives (http/ /managementhelp.org/legal/articles.htm).Because AoI is a legal document, it must be signed by the incorporators or the legally recognized representatives. It is usually prepared by legal practitioners and approved by government agencies. Once it is signed and sealed, it becomes the reference document for the operation of the corporation. Changes, such as the transformation of a private corporation possess by few individuals to a public corporation owned by a large number of shareholders and usually quoted in the stock market, must be reflected in the respective sections and clauses.Agency theory seeks to explain the relationship between a principal(s), who hires an agent(s) for services and delegate the power ofdecision-making to the agent(s). It also seeks to examine variations in behaviors in the principal-agent relations. These relations could be harmonious or frictional.

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to adapt to climate change Research Paper

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to adapt to climate change in Nereis species - Research Paper ExampleThese pH trains range from 6.6-7.3 in the carbonic acid gas vents that exist in Ischia (Calosi, et al, 2013, 1208). Nereis zonata also has the ability to survive in low pH areas, if conclusions made after research on the relationship between Nereis Zonata and the level of organic enrichment of the sea-water holds (Murphy & Measures, 2014, 442).Imaging of Nereis succinea subjected to increased pH indicates that the pH of the porewater depended on the size of the organism, the rate of irrigation and the profile of the burrow (Davidson, 2013,17). Before the introduction of variations in the pH, the Nereis diversicolor indicate a mean pH of 7.73. This internal pH is the same when compared to the other individuals in the same species (Calosi, et al, 2013, 1221).With differences in the pH, the individuals of the Nereis genus undergo some changes. With high salinity, they tend to lose energy. However, the Nereis Succinea loses more energy when compared with the Nereis diversicolor (Davidson, 2013, 19). However, with a drop in the salinity, the Nereis succinea loses considerably less energy compared to Nereis diversicolor. The P. dumerilii loses even less energy compared to all the others, because of its ability to survive under super low pH levels in the CO2 vents (Sommer, et al, 2000, 283).There is a notable and consistent difference in the effect that p CO2 has on the metabolic rate between the tolerant and sensitive species of polychaete. The patterns of response as observed after research may have been arrived at through and through either interpretation or acclimatization. It is a fact that organisms may have the ability to change their physiology through phenotypic plasticity, also known acclimatization (Armstrong, 2013, 593). For the P. dumerilii, acclimatization takes place through selecting genotypes that have a link with phenotypes that posses s the best ability to

Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Issues - Essay ExampleIn addition, the state has joined half of other states in the U.S. and gone ahead signing the Medicaid expansion program, which is going to be fund by the Federal government, for a period of 3 years. The Governor and the lawmakers have make this by extending the program to adult persons earning up to 138% of the level of Federal poverty (MPRnews, n.d.).Other crucial issues that are being discussed by the legislatures and the governor include the budget, which is the localise taxes, which, Gov. Dayton is saying that, he wants making Minnesotas tax system simpler and fairer, by unveiling a tax reform plan. New plans for a health insurance exchange required by the Affordable Care Act unveiled by President Obama are underway (Governing, n.d.). In addition to the aforementioned(prenominal) issues, other issues underway include the same-sex marriage, which is illegal in Minnesota, public safety issues, which were triggered by the recent shootings of high p rofile, election issues, triggered by the Republican-backed amendment to the constitution, requiring voters to produce photo appointment (Liz, 2014). Finally, the sand mining issues, which the governor says will be huge in the current season, and transportation. Therefore, it is evident that there are a couple of issues that the governor and lawmakers be pushing for in the current year, which form our current issues in Minnesota.Liz, F., Chris, K., Wogan, J.B., Mike, M., and Ryan, H. (2014). The Top ten Legislative Issues to Watch in 2014. Retrieved from

Cars and Pollution report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cars and Pollution report - Assignment ExampleThese accept during manufacturing, vehicle operation, refueling and also disposal. Not forgetting emissions related to fuel refining and distribution. These pollutions then branch into primary and secondary pollutions. Primary pollutions are those that are emitted directly into the atmosphere while secondary are those resulting from chemical reactions between pollutants and the atmosphere. The major car associated pollutants include particulate matter, particles of metal and soot which gives smog its murky color. They can deep penetrate into the lungs hence cause a serious risk to human health (Fenger, 2009).Hydrocarbons are also secondary pollutants which in the presence of sunlight, reacts with nitrogen oxide to form ground-level ozone. This gas affects the respiratory system as it causes choking, coughing and reduced lungs capacity at ground level Ozone though useful in the upper atmosphere. (Fenger, 2009) Nitrogen oxide is also a p ollutant that weakens the body immunity and cause lung irritation. Other pollutants which are really hazardous to human health include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide.Energy sources that have no undesired consequences are called alternative efficiency. Examples are the nuclear brawniness and fossil fuels. They are renewable sources and are said to be free from the environment. Their carbon release to the environment is low down as compared to the usual energy sources they include solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy sources. The adoption of clean alternative sources such as solar powered cars in conjunction with recycling will guarantee mans continued existence into the 21st century and beyond. (Dresslhous & Thomas, 2001) The alternative energy forms include the below.Solar energy is one of the nigh use alternative sources of energy in the world. Only 30% of the sunlight meets up human demand, as 70% of it is reflected back into t he space. Not

Executive Leadership in Public Organizations Assignment - 1

Executive Leadership in Public Organizations - Assignment ExampleThe Sunroof community murder will be determine by multiple experiences of leaders, and the outcome reflected at individual and community level (Wart, 2012). In locate to achieve better performance, the community should build the capacity of crude leaders by provides sufficient information through utilization of wisdom of the older generation (Cleveland, 1985). The community should inspire the bleak generation of leaders by building their capacity and matching individual goals with community goals so that individual leaders achievement can translate to community advancement. The leadership performance can be determined by the community standards (Wart, 2012). Therefore, Sunroof community should utilize the leadership programs to impart the new generation of leaders with the relevant association and use those programs as a benchmark for measuring performance standards in all community aspects such as social, cultura l and economic aspects (Cleveland, 1985). In order to surpass the previous leadership performance, the community should make a review of the leadership programs and modify the components that did not work according to the community expectations. The community should pretend a diversified team of leaders who can identify and solve unhomogeneous issues affecting the community (Wart, 2012).The aim of the community is to train a new class of leaders that will take place of the former group and maintain the status quo of the Sunroof City as a community influence for advancing science, innovation, culture and knowledge. As a diversified community and a role model in performance, the community should ensure they obtain leaders from various cultural and quick backgrounds to promote a unity of the community and retain creativity. The community should ensure they obtain new leaders from all cultural and intellectual background in order to achieve the organizational goals (Cleveland, 1985) .

Pablo Picasso and Jackson Pollack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pablo Picasso and Jackson Pollack - Essay ExampleIn case of Jackson, it is rather assorted because he was more interested in raising questions than answering them. His paintings are believed to be the sources of exploring oneself and he always attempted and tried to help the audience in the process of imploration, Jacksons work is all about finding ones true potential. The artist used dull colors desire black, grey and white in contrast. The themes that he used told a lot about him and his life as he was always looking to communicate his frustration, ira and confusion through his works. Pablo on the other hand, lived a very fulfilling and satisfied life and because of this reason, his paintings promoted happiness and pleasure in the world. The basic and fundamental purpose of written material this essay is to compare and contrast the works of Picasso and Pollack that go by the names of Three Musicians (Picassso, Three Musicians) and Shewolf (Pollock, Shewolf) respectively. The wor k of Picasso was painted in order to spot the people to make the most of their life by creating harmony with one and another as musicians play their pieces and add to the mass of this universe by pleasuring the people. The latterly sense of Picassos own perception towards reality was revealed through the featured painting.

The Nature and Effect of Superbug H1N1 Coursework

The Nature and Effect of Superbug H1N1 - Coursework ExampleHA molecules are particularly primal in the breeding of the disease as they lay down the preferential attachment to lung epithelial cells and the insertion of the computer virus contents into the host cell. Each protein in the virus has multiple subtypes. In human-infecting Influenza virus strains, there are three HA subtypes, H1, H2 and H3, while NA has two, N1 and N2. The different combinations of HA and NA make possible the multiple subtypes of Influenza viruses (Kimball, 2009). With the elucidation of the viral structure, it has since been discovered that there are multiple strains of the virus, and that they continually mutate and cross-infect swine, birds and humans. As commonly seen among viruses, HA, together with NA, genes mutate at a high rate, causing new strains to be seen infecting humans almost yearly. This phenomenon is referred to as the antigenic shift. In addition, Influenza virus strains undergo gene re assortment, in which two strains infecting the same bird or swine exchange RNA strands to develop a new virus subtype that the human population has not been exposed before. Thus, this antigenic shift usually causes severe pandemics. For example, the 1957 H2N2 Asian flu pandemic after the 1918 H1N1 Spanish flu pandemic is believed to be caused by the simultaneous infection of a human-infecting subtype and a bird-specific H2N_ resulting to the reassortment of their genes that produced a new bird-specific subtype that can infect humans. In effect, this new H2N2 subtype is something the human population at that time has not been exposed before, causing more to have no immunity against the virus and to be susceptible to infection (Kimball, 2009). Because of the unique features of Influenza virus, current prophylaxis still involves multiple vaccinations, with the composition of multivalent shots vary annually to confer protection against strains guessed to be most infective during the c oming season. Thus, prolonging and ensuring the effectiveness has been the focal point of many researches. A promising approach is the development of vaccines that can induce the production of antibodies that are specific against multiple HA subtypes. Throsby and his colleagues (2008) paved the way for such approach when they identified human antibodies that can engage to H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, and H9. They referred to this antibody as CR6261 (Eckiert et al., 2009). CR6261 AGAINST H1N1 AND OTHER SUBTYPES What makes CR6261 different from other antibodies that confer resistance to only one subtype of Influenza? Eckiert et al. (2009) tried to elucidate the 2.2 and 2.6A crystal structure of the antigen-binding portion (Fab) of CR6261, as well as the CR6261 Fab complexed with heterotypic HAs from human 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus and avian H5N1 virus. Although it was not mentioned in the study if there is any purpose in choosing H1 and H5 preferably of the other subtypes, the choices probabl y served the most purpose because H1 has a history in causing a pandemic (1918 H1N1 Spanish flu), and H5 has a likelihood to infect and cause death among humans, who are mostly unexposed to such type of Influenza (Kimball, 2009). However, it is most ideal if the study

Organizational Theory and Behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Theory and Behavior - Term Paper Example at that placefore, this paper is going to define the terms organizational theory and organizational mien is, secondly, mention about the vital aspects of organizational behavior, thirdly, talk about the various theories of organizational behavior, and lastly conclusion.Organizational theory is a theory whose main charter is to enable individuals understand the reason as to why organizations are structured the way they are and how people behave in organizations (Cunliffe, 2008) On the other hand, organizational behavior is a word that is rarely hard in todays life but seen and heard mostly in the places of work. The reason as to why the many people are not conversant with the term organizational behavior is that they do not know what it comprises. Therefore, organizational behavior passel be defined as the culture and behavior of individuals in an organization that results to effective functioning of such an organization. In other words, it comprises of the rules, regulations and procedures that govern an organization (Staw, 2006)There are various vital aspects of organizational behavior and theory they include organizational culture, ethics, communication, teamwork and diversity. Diversity means that people work in an organization peacefully by not looking at their age, tribe, gender, sex or ethnic backgrounds. Communication is the sending and receiving information, in an organization there are proper bring of communications that are followed for smooth running of organizations. Also among the staff, communication is an important aspect it is done through memos, phone calls, emails among others. Teamwork is also important in an organization whereby the staff members have to work together as one team for effective and smooth running of organizations.There are several different behavioral theories that show how

Policy debate 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy debate 2 - Essay Exampleias affairs, and advertizing is recognized a part of the mass media, the opinion was created that advertizing is theatre to more severe restrictions than other forms of a freedom of speech. In commercial advertising it is possible to select characters under the concept of advertizing. Usually they ar rattling attractive, charming with a bright expression. Thus, advertizing draws attention, the impression is made, positive emotions are created. In political advertizing the situation in quite different- there are specific political leaders with their individual originality, they cant be replaced with anybody, it is not possible to change their appearanceThe image of a political leader in political advertizing is urged to carry out the most important functions, because only a strong personality is capable to realize ideas, therefore, there are rattling strict requirements for political advertising. This advertising should not just make the needed impre ssion it should first of all inform people about the opportunities they can choose. And it is not advertising, but people, who should make choice for their future and for the future of the state (Ginsberg et

Euthanasia, is it murder or mercy Research Paper

Euthanasia, is it murder or mercy - Research Paper ExampleFinally, I have evaluated the one of the sheath studies according to the ethics theories of Immanuel Kant and Utilitarianism. I chose this topic because my grandmother in Ukraine suffered from bad health and was infirmaryized for eight years before she died naturally. I saw how painful it was for her to personify and for my father and his sister to took cargon of her alone at home. Being a Christian Catholick, I was against euthanasia before i did this research. This research taught me that euthanasia is practically mercy rather than murder since it saves the patient agony and the relatives their time, energy and money. The other day, I was interviewing one of my class fellows parents. I had heard from my class fellow, Bob, that he had recently lost a younger sister, female horse, afterwards she was badly injured in a car accident. I approached her parents for the interview. They said that as soon as Maria was driven ove r by the car, she was bleeding heavily. She was immediately hospitalized. Although the operation had been performed, there was little hope that she would survive. Maria was apparently in comma, but the doctors expressed no hope for her survival even if she temporarily recovered from the comma. Three weeks had passed since the accident. Marias family kept visiting her regularly. ... However, they decided not to donate. A day after that, Maria died. Overwhelmed with the grief of losing their daughter, Marias parents asked the doctor if her organs would still be needed, but the doctors expressed that her organs were dead and were no more multipurpose for Gene. Besides, the law forbade them to retrieve organs from a dead body. The news that Gene had first lost her vision and then died of the kidney malfunction only added to their grief. They felt same they had not lost one daughter, but two The parents were in shock. I also observed my two friends who work as nurses in the Brooklyn ho spitals Coney Island and Maimonides. When I asked their opinion about euthanasia, both of them spoke in its favor. They said they worked with terminally ill people on a daily basis. Their condition is miserable. There are a lot of patients that have been hospitalized for years and years. In the start, their children used to come to see them, but many of them have been abandoned with the passage of time. The quality of medical examination care, the environment and the room that a patient receives accords with the fee that the patients relatives pay. Thus, many patients have been hospitalized by their children in the cheapest rooms available in an attempt to minimize the hospital expenses. The nurses also told me that in some cases, they were left with no option but to transfer the patients to the old house for the children broke all contact with the doctors and never showed up again. I also personally went to the hospitals and talked to some terminally ill patients. The dryness of t heir speech and look reflected their intrinsic desire for death. Two patients burst into tears as soon as I started to speak to them. I saw numerous patients in comma that had

Reflection of Kolb Learning Styles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection of Kolb Learning Styles - Assignment ExampleOverall, learning styles are imperative since they assist schools to appreciate the disparities among students and strategize accordingly on how to accommodate the learning diversity (Kolb & Kolb 2005, 194).The article analyses the look into that relate to ELT and the nine regions of learning. Background The article commences by acknowledging the diversity among scholars. Consequently, the article seeks to reveal the explore undertaken to actualise learners. The article begins by establishing categories of all learners. The categories enlist students with similar learning tendencies. The tendencies include concrete experience (CE), abstract conceptualization (AC), reflective observation (RO) and active experiment (AE). These tendencies assist student in grasping experience. The article dwells into the research undertaken to establish ELT. The research realizes that it is not only important to study the learner but as well as the environment surrounding the subject. This reveals that learning tendencies also vary with the subjects environment. Researching beyond the learner enlarges the scope of studies relating to ELT. Lewin pioneered in this field by stating that individuals characteristics are not only genetic, but also emanate from prolonged interaction with the environment. Therefore, learning is a composite aspect to study due to the many variables (Kolb & Kolb 2005, 196). The latter stages of the article analyse learning tendencies among mature student in higher(prenominal) learning institutions. This research enacts diverse case studies to evaluate undergraduates, art students and MBA students. Therefore, the research makes research across the education field. This aims at establishing whether the methods of learning vary depending on the level of schooling (Atherton 2011). The studies culminate with means to promote learning in the higher education. The research identifies means to improve edu cation and makes in-depth elaborations of these strategies. This denotes application of this research, which seeks to understand learning. The article also notes the role that institutions have in improving learning by promoting research and relevant research (Kolb & Kolb 2005, 194). Reflection Overall, this article seeks to disclose the diverse leaning tendencies. However, to understand them, it is imperative to comprehend the relevant theoretical survive. The relevant theory work is ELT. The theory work analyses the diverse learner that exists. The assertion of the theory work emanate from research. Understanding learners will be imperative to the improvement of education. The identification of learner will assist the schools to plan adequately as they understand how to optimize the potential of most students. However, in order to discover the relevant information, there is a need for further research. The article begins by acknowledging the role that the environment assumes in s haping an individuals learning tendencies. This provides one of the factors that influence learning as the learning space. The article outlines the learning tendencies that including converging, diverging, assimilating and accommodating. These learning tendencies have diverse modes of grasping and transforming experience. The research on learning space reveals different regions. The naming of the regions depends on the impact on the learner or the individuals capabilities utilized to acquire knowledge under

Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Argument analysis - Essay ExampleThroughout the script Lewis uses very persuasive and precise arguments to make his case. At the beginning of Chapter Two, Lewis examines the problem of fuss. The argument is based on some contradictory premises 1. Because God is intimately and all powerful, he would want to create a broad(a) world 2. The world is not good 3. God is therefore either not good or not all powerful Lewis examines these premises throughout Chapter two and decides the issue is more nuanced. Words like omnipotence are problematic, as is the word goodness. Our words and terms do not really fit God, in all his glory. We displacenot be expected to understand the mysterious ways of the innovation, Lewis argues. Essentially this is an argument intimately faith. Lewis seems to be saying If you dont really understand things, just trust the priests to understand it for you. These premises rely on a number of logical leaps that Lewis uses throughout his argument. For example, he looks sanction over history and concludes that religious feeling has always been with us. From the dawn of humanity people acquit believed in something larger than themselves. At first their companionship of these phenomena was far from perfect and they mistook all sort of occurrences as signs of divine power. Now nothing is more certain than that man, from a very early period, began to believe that the universe was haunted by spirits . . . It is therefore theoretically possible that there was a time when men regarded these spirits simply as dangerous and matte towards them just as they felt towards tigers. What is certain is that now, at any rate, the numinous experience exists and that if we start from ourselves we can trace it a long way back (15). This is an interesting observation, but it would have been best to explore what a numinous experience really is. Is it an actually transaction with the supernatural? Or is it something physiological? Without an soul about the r eality of mystical experiences it is hard to go much further with this. There are for example, studies which suggest the commonly observed phenomenon in near-death experiencesa albumen light at a tunnelis a physiological reaction that can be replicated by cutting off oxygen to the brain. Is this too a numinous experience? He asks us to expand on our definitions of goodness and omnipotence while narrowing the possible explanations for phenomena in the world. Indeed, as Lewis explains The problem of pain is a problem about the order of the universe. As Lewis puts it, Christianity is not a solution to the problem, but in fact brings the problem into question as it promises something better than pain for pain would be no problem unless, side by side with our daily experience of this painful world, we had received what we think a good self-reliance that ultimate reality is righteous and loving (21). So how has Christianity promised any of this? Those who believe pain dominates all, arg ue that it cannot and that it is a sham. But Lewis does not believe this. The argument Lewis makes can be generalized by saying that humans do have a power over their lives and are not part of a clockwork universe. They pack how to live and who to obey. If they wish to turn their backs on God and ignore him they are entirely capable of doing so. If they wish to behave in a bad direction and injure their fellows and disrespect authority, again they can do so. But this will not make them happy or fulfil them in any way. They have

Comparisons of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Essay Example for Free

Comparisons of Bill furnish and Steve Jobs EssayI think the decisions of both Bill Gates and Steve Jobs were unethical and wrong. To start with, they were both dropouts of college. Bill Gates was a drop out of Harvard University and Steve Jobs dropped out of Berkley University. Steve Jobs was adopted where as Bill Gates had his original family. Steve Jobs was a very odd man, to say the least. He was a hippie in the early days of his life. He did drugs such as acid. Bill Gates was a very plain boring person. He loved to play poker and was a very wreck less person in his actions. Steve Jobs did not demote the original ideas of Apple instead, Steve Wazniack was the original inventor of the Apple Computer. both Bill Gates and Steve Jobs went to MITS wanting to test out the Altair, the owner of MITS gave both Steve and Bill a Altair unit, Bill had to talk the owner into giving him one though because Bill wanted a $4,000 signing bonus.Bill Gates goes to IBM and finishers to license them an operating schema called DOS, little did IBM know that they did not even have it yet, IBM is willing to buy a license to DOS. Therefore, Bill Gates buys DOS from a Seattle role player for $50,000 when the worker hears that he is willing to give him $50,000 dollars, his jaw hits the floor, and he sells it right away. Steve Jobs is a giant jerk to his employees. He makes them work 90 hours weeks, screams, and yells when they do not give a huge task on a small deadline.He made an employee so mad one time that the employee jumped up and slammed Jobs face off the wall. Bill gates on the other hand, is a very caring person when it comes to his employees, he is afraid to over work them and gives them lots of vacation time. Both men are married and have children. Steve Jobs tried to deny that he was the father of his first-born daughter Lisa. The Apple Lisa was named so because of her.

Football essay Essay Example for Free

Football essay EssayIts easy to see that Football is the most fun sport ever invented. To be a declare football game player you capture to poses physical, mental talent. Above all the qualifications of becoming a football player, I think respect on the field is a necessity. Respecting players and plays will most certainly bring you closer to a career as a football player. The game of football has been proven to be more of a mental than physical but physical abilities are also important. Its good to work out for physical ability, but a tolerate is essential to achieve the goal.Each football team has an rancidense and defense. The referee calls all the decisions on the field. Recently, a player was tackled by the neck, so the referee called redundant roughness penalty. Its good to be physical but referees are trained to watch out for the safety of players. I played football as a wide receiver at Burlington High School. I loved every second I was on the field playing offense . Of all the receivers that have ever played in the National Football League, horny Moss is my favorite.In his prime time, he made amazing catches to give his team a portion to win the game. Thinking who far he had come, Randy Moss made every moment count. Running down the sidelines of the defense, he was able to out run both defender trying to tackle him. Holding the ball in his hands, he was fierce as teams needed more than one defender to tackle him. To me Randy Moss is more than a player, he is a mentor and inspirational to all the football fans. To accomplish the winner that he had, he had to put in unnecessary practice work and mental awareness of the opponent.I always wanted to be like him and able to play football like him. Football is that kindhearted of a sport where by the harder you practice, the better you get. Now that he has retired, Calvin Johnson is the only other active receiver that I can compare him to. Before the tiptop bowl each year, fans all over the na tion gather around and get ready for the game. It is the most watched championship game each year in all sports. Because the game is viewed by millions of people, companies get the opportunity to advertise their products to people.Just as companies want to advertise their products, they are also required to show off their creativity in the commercials. Each super bowl game, there is a commercial that wins peoples favorite vote for most creativity. In High School the rail always told the players if you forget what you supposed to do on the field I will be glad explain. Football is a team sport the success of the team is determined by how much work each member puts in. I will want some day help build football fields for kids to play that is a promise I make.

To kill a eraser Essay Example for Free

To kill a eraser EssayThe architecture of the ancient Roman conglomerate is one of the most fascinating and astound of all time. In ancient times, the city of capital of Italy had more than one million residents. The ancient Romans made wide use of architectural shapes like arcs and columns. oneness famous structure that comes to mind when people think of Rome is the Colosseum, which was originally called the Amphitheatrum Flavium. The Colosseum is one of the most memorable architectural monuments in the world. For hundreds of years, the Colosseum presented gladiatorial fights, marvellous tool fights, and other games that entertained the Roman citizens. The cruelty of the games displayed the power of Rome to the people. The history of the Colosseum symbolizes the power and the greatness of Rome.The construction of the Colosseum started in the aftermath of Emperor Neros profligacy and the rebellion of the Jews in Palestine. Emperor Nero built a golden house in the center o f Rome for his pleasure after the great fire in 64 CE. Emperor Nero committed suicide as he faced a military uprising in 68 CE and the Roman Empire devolved into civil war. The victory in the civil war went to Emperor Vespasian. He then decided to build an coliseum or pleasure palace to endow pleasure to the people of Rome to help people forget the war.The Colosseum was to be built on the site of a lake in the gardens of Emperor Neros palace. It was the largest amphitheater in the Roman Empire and was capable of holding more than 50,000 spectators.1 There were over 250 amphitheaters in the Roman Empire at that time, but the Colosseum was the largest. The large heel of amphitheaters in the Roman Empire indicates that they represented essential symbols of the Roman culture.Vespasian began construction of the Colosseum in 72 CE and it was finished in eight years later on by Vespasians son, Emperor Titus.2 The Colosseum was officially known as the Amphitheatrum Flavium at first. Aft er the Colosseum was finished, Titus sponsored the startup games in the arena, which lasted more than 100 days.3 Cassius Dio, a Roman historian, wrote that during the inaugural games in the Colosseum, more than 9,000 wild living creatures were killed.4 The Colosseum was used for many games, including gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights to pleasure the people of Rome. The gladiators of Rome were usually slaves, prisoners of war or criminals.However, some(a) gladiators were volunteers who risked their legal and social standing and their lives by fighting in the arena. Gladiators were despised as slaves and they were treated very badly. They were even segregated when they died. Most of the gladiators were men, but on that point were a few female gladiators. One contest after another was staged in the course of a single day. When the ground of the Colosseum became too sozzled with blood, it was covered with a fresh layer of sand and the battles continued.Cameron Hawkins, an assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago, estimates 5,000 gladiators could have been killed each year during the Roman Empire.5 The gladiatorial games in the Colosseum continued until Christianity progressively put an end to the entertainment that included the death of human beings. After four centuries of active use, the magnificent Colosseum faced severe problems, and until the eighteenth century it was used largely as a source of building materials.Over time the Colosseum was used for many things besides gladiatorial combat and wild animal fights. The Colosseum was occasionally filled with piss to re-enact naval battles using gladiators. Experts do not agree on how this was achieved. However, Cassio Dio wrote Titus suddenly filled this same theatre with water and brought horses and bulls and some other domesticated animals that had been taught to behave in liquid element just as on land. He also brought in people in ships, who engaged in a sea-fight there, imp ersonating the Corcyreans and Corinthians.6 By the late 6th century, the arena was used as a cemetery. Also some areas in the Colosseum became trapping and workshops.Areas were rented out to people until the 12th century. Around 1200, the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum, fixed it, and used it as their castle. In the mid-13th century, the Colosseum was severely damaged by a great earthquake that caused parts of it to collapse. Much of the tumbled stone from the Colosseum were not used to rebuild the Colosseum. Instead, it was used to build palaces, churches, hospitals, and other buildings in Rome. A religious order travel in to the ruined Colosseum in the mid-14th century and used it as their headquarters until the early 19th century.The Colosseum was frequently damaged. In 217 CE, the Colosseum was badlydamaged by a great fire that was caused by lightning. This fire destroyed the wooden upper levels inside the Colosseum. The building was reopened after restoration in 222 CE. The Visigoths, a nomadic folks of Germanic people, took control of Rome in 408 CE, and they damaged the Colosseum during their invasion and their occupation of the city. The Colosseum was damaged again when a major earthquake hit Rome in 443 CE. Other earthquakes damaged the Colosseum in 484 CE and 504 CE. Eventually, the Colosseum was restored again and games continued in the arena. The Colosseum was not significantly damaged again until 1349, when another earthquake hit Rome and caused the south side of the Colosseum to collapse.This time, much of the tumbled stones were used to build other things and the Colosseum was not fully repaired. Later, various popes initiated stabilization and restoration projects in the 19th century to eliminate further destruction of the Colosseum. For example, the faade was reinforced with triangular bricks to enhance stabilization. Restoration of the interior was started in the early 19th century and was finished by Benito Mussolini in the 1930 s. Over time, two-thirds of the Colosseum has been destroyed. The interior has been reconstructed but the faade is still in ruins as half of it is missing. The Colosseum was home to such events as gladiatorial fights, wild animal fights, and other entertainment that was extremely violent. This violence symbolized the idea that no one could beat the Romans. As Lord Byron once wrote, While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand When waterfall the Colosseum, Rome shall fall And when Rome fallsthe world.7 The Colosseum has become a famous tourist destination and the number one historical site that tourists pass on never forget when they visit Rome. The Colosseum is the symbol of Rome, as well as one of the most important ancient monuments in the world.ENDNOTES1. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed may 3,2013 2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed may 3,2013 3. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre Accessed May 4,2013 4. http//en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3,2013 5. http//www.dailyherald.com/article/20100804/news/308049980 Accessed May 5, 2013 6.http//www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/water-battles-at-the-colosseum.htm Accessed May 5, 2013 7. http//www.flickr.com/photos/kauphyluvr/6845560363/ Accessed May 8, 2013BIBLIOGRAPHYSpodek, Howard. The Worlds History. Boston Prentice Hall, 2011. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3, 2013http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html Accessed May 3, 2013 http//www.the-colosseum.net/idx-en.htm Accessed May 3, 2013 http//italy.worldwide-accom.com/rome/colosseum/guides/the-full-history-of-romes-famous-colosseum.UX2r5LUvmC Accessed May 4, 2013 http//www.history.com/topics/colosseum Accessed May 4, 2013 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre Accessed May 4, 2013 http//www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/water-battles-at-the-colosseum.htm Accessed May 5, 2013 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator Accessed May 8, 2013http//www.dailyherald.com/article/20100804/news/308049980 Accessed May 8, 2013

What Are Key Success Factors In Business Education Commerce Essay

What Are Key Success Factors In Business Education barter EssayIndustry Environment Presently, education industry in US is highly competitive especially due to the health of the economy. Numerous factors affect the crack name and ranking of B-schools, effects of privatization of education industry and globalization of world economy on business education. The shortage of highly qualified professors and the need to record soft skills into the curriculum while go alonging the analytical and concept-based courses. Bargaining power of buyers (i.e. students, employers, parents) has tremendously increased2. Students and businesses are looking for more than good rankings they are looking to learn the nigh recent attributes or trends of their field. The courses at top MBA schools have been overhauled to reflect the changed business landscape. The old curriculum was geared to the slower measures of the old economy, and content were never updated. Todays MBA students dont call for to pa y for old-school curriculum but rather something that relates to todays market conditions.CompetitorsTraditional universities and colleges that offer graduate business degrees in the area.Distance instruction programs and On-line universities (for example capital of Arizona University)Top ranked Foreign Universities and business management schools (for example London School of Business)Training companies and consulting firms that forget hands-on training to company executives.Corporate learning divisions ( for example Motorola University)CustomersStudents and their parents are the primary customers of the services offered by a school.Government sponsored students such as ROTC students.Legislators buying capabilities to increase national competitiveness and general level of education.Businesses that sponsor schools or sponsor their employees for advanced degrees.Employers that come in for campus interviews.SuppliersFaculty and Staff members are the primary suppliers, as they are ones providing the service to the end user.Equipment and function suppliers, People/businesses that offer specialized equipments to schools and colleges.Alumni, foundations and Government are withal critical suppliers, they provide much needed funding to recrudesce and grow.ComplementsLocation of Fordham GBA is a full-grown plus NYC is the worlds financial capital, a marketing and advertisement mecca and the fashion industry heartland of the world.Huge and diverse market of buyers and suppliersPresence of many multinational companies and educational administrations helps students and module get more exposure.Key Success FactorsMain success factor is to provide high quality real life knowledge and experience to its students.Providing participation service and helping government achieve its target of providing better education and increasing competitiveness in the unravelforce.Having a good network of employers and alumni who guide students to bewilder successful in their care ers.Examine the firm. What are the goals and values of the business school? How is the business school structured? What resources and capabilities does it have? Are there capabilities that it needs to carry/ contrive?The goals and values of Fordham are deeply rooted in Fordhams Jesuit tradition. Fordhams ultimate goal is to provide students with the conceptual foundation and technical skills necessary to bugger off sound business decisions in a changing domestic and international business environment.Mission of college of business administrationThe mission of the College of Business Administration is to develop business professionals who thunder mug manage effectively in a range of leadership roles and who are equipped for continuous growth in the changing global environment. Located in New York City, the commercial capital of the world, the College of Business Administration is uniquely positioned to offer students the opportunity to participate in both regional and internation al economies3.ValuesFordham values excellence in teaching and in scholarship in business education. Fordham believes in the freedom of inquiry required by close thinking and the pursuit of the truth. Fordham stresses on developing and cultivating critical thinking and creativity. Fordham wants its students to understand varied subtletys and ways of life early(a) than their own. Fordham wants to provide a place where students of different religions and background can interact with each other and with contemporary business cultures.GoalsAchieve International recognition for academic excellence and unique innovative programs.To provide conceptual foundation and technical skill to its students.Attraction and retention of highly skilled faculty and students.To further develop connections with alumni and the corporate world.Curriculum focusing on building each students Personal PortfolioStructure, Resource CapabilitiesFordham structure is currently setup to specifically address the o bjective of improving student satisfaction involves changing the organization structure of the GBA program. It is presently organized in a decentralized structure, offering flexibility to faculty and students. Each part is independent and enjoys autonomy giving the department head to decide their course structures. However, the faculty might be unaware of things happening in other departments thus reducing synergies among departments. Fordham enjoys the support of world ground level diversified faculty and staff. The location of campus is a big plus for the business college it is in the heart of financial capital of World. A strong cohort culture among the students and alumnis creating a network effect for all the stakeholders is one of the important resource and capability. One the other resources students use is the Office of Career management for developing their restart and interview skills and to get hold of contacts in companies. Various online groups on Facebook and Linked In created by Fordham students and alumnis are also beneficial to students and alumnis to interact and further their career.Fordham business school should work on its infrastructure which would help the faculties in providing actual real knowledge of business. Faculty and students should be encouraged to take initiatives that would help the college and overall experience of the students.How can the business school achieve a fit between the industry environment and the firm? What strategic changes would you recommend?Fordham Business School needs to scar the experience and not the education Fordham has the advantage of location, being in Worlds financial capital. In addition to the full-time, part-time and executive MBA, Fordham also offers International Business designation, Fordham also offers a designation in Entrepreneurship, Electronic Business, Global Sustainability, and Personal Finance Planning (Graduate School of Business). These special designation programs offer an edge t o its students over other graduates and companies looking to hire new MBAs give consideration to these specialized programs. Overall the school is doing a good job to compete with its peers in the area and to maintain its brand, however the school management can work on certain areas of improvement.I recommend these strategic changes to Fordham to place itself appropriately in this industry tractableness in courses among various departments Faculty and students should be encouraged to learn and adapt from new industry trends and use the latest high-tech resources to achieve those goals. Conducting research to develop the content of the degrees and skills of Graduates Student should be encouraged to achieve an overall experience and write research papers, take part in competitions that represent business school. support alumni networking to build up relationships and to give new opportunities to students, graduates, institutions and companies alike Business school should devote more funds and time to develop the alumni and employers network.Collaborating with the surrounding community and impertinent partnerships to broaden the scope of the institution Business school should reach out community members, other business school and other counterpart business schools in the area to develop better course programs.Fordham should host and encourage students to join meetings, clubs and organizations such as NSHMBAA and BHMBAA. Currently only few students are aware of these organizations, more exposure is required to students for overall development.AppendixesFordham University Toward 2106 Integrated strategic plan, Competitive forces, Michael Porter, February 13th 2008, Fordham University College of Business administration,

Analysis of Traditions Concerning Mosaic Authorship

Analysis of Traditions Concerning mosaic AuthorshipIntroductionThe Christian Holy rule book is non iodine book, but a library of threescore six books recorded over gayy centuries. Within its pages be literary genres that include Law, History, Wisdom, Poetry, Gospel, Epistles, Prophecy, and Apocalyptic Literature. The record can be likened to other literature in that it is made up of m whatsoever types or kinds of linguistic process, how constantly it can distinguish itself from other books known to man, in that it claims to be a pen revelation of mans creator.1 The give-and-take as apply in Christianity is made up of the Old and un utilise testa handsts, these argon combined and intended to compliment for each angiotensin-converting enzyme other and spend a penny the regulation of the Christian perform. It is the first quintet books of the give-and-take and their report that impart be of concern to this thesis.The first quin books of the Bible include generati on, Exodus, Numbers, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy. These volumes narrate the story of Israel from the creation of the human race through the period of the flood and the patriarchs, to the Exodus from Egypt, wanderings in the desert, and the giving of the law at Sinai. The books conclude with Moses f atomic number 18well to the people of Israel.2 McDowell and Stewart (1980) assert that, Christianity believes and teaches that the Bible each is the revealed word of idol, it is an anthology composed of His run-in and deeds and as a result views itself as Gods word3. McDowell emphasises that examine for this claim can be found indoors the Bible itself, he quotes directly from scriptures such as 2 Peter 1214 and uses clauses like, And God spoke to Moses, as suggested evidence to back up the Bibles claim.5 The first five books ar known by several pseudonyms, some more common than others and often dependent on the religion i follows. Expressions include the Pentateuch, the Five ea rmarks of Moses, the Torah and the Book of the Lawfor the purpose of this thesis the scriptures will be tintred to as The Pentateuch.The contents of the Pentateuch can be seen as a partly diachronic, legal and narrative portrayal the five books cover the account of the chosen people from chronicles concerning the creation of the field to the death of Moses and also enlighten us with the civil and religious legislation of the Israelites during the bread and butter of their long lawgiver.6 This literary account is also a storya story that conveys the history of Israel. Pfeiffer (1957) describes the Old Testament as, the meagre surviving portion of the literature of the Israelites.7 Therefore the committal to writing of these departs, the clock time and manner of their origin and historicity are of great enormousness the belief of Mosaic piece of music or lack of it can affect the building blocks on which religion itself is structured. The books are not just of fundamental im portance to adept religion but have recognition in othersChristians put their faith in some(prenominal)(prenominal) the Old and radical Testaments whilst Judaism holds the first five books of the Old Testament as the most important division of their Hebrew canon.8 Although Islam believes the Quran is Gods last word to the creative activity it considers the Old and freshly testaments to also be divinely inspired.9The aim, therefore of this dissertation is to provide a critical analysis of traditions that surround Mosaic authorship. It will discuss the debate from its infancy and will pass through, albeit briefly, three centuries, culminating in its relevance and status in the modern world. This work is not an attempt to prove or so disprove Mosaic authorship, it is only an endeavour to take a glimpse into the remainder whilst attempting to understand its relevance in an historical, biblical and theological mount.This work does not intend to uncover or discover new intima cy per se, but intends to discuss contemporary contributions and guessing. Sources to be used and accessed will include indigenous and secondary sources such as the Bible, journal articles and a myriad of published works scholarly, religious and secular in nature. A historical survey will include a review of relevant literature, some of which is dated, but liquid relevant in placing the debate in an historical setting. Much of the literature and indeed the hypotheses surrounding Mosaic authorship tend to remain in scholarly and academic distribution, it is inside these circles that the primary interest has remained.As we shall see, scriptural translations have been prove to be less than exact and it is this that provides the background for the continuing debate. A breakthrough in authorship identity was put forward in the eighteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate and came to be known as the Documentary Hypothesis. This scheme was and is however, simply a theory of evolution not o f man, but of mans recorded dealings with God.10Chapter 1Mosaic Authorship called into questionHistorical SurveyHistory recognizes that there were a some problems with the traditional view of Moses as author. Walton and Hill (2000) explain that although the early church fathers challenged the integrity and antiquity of the Mosaic Pentateuch their methods were deemed as pre-critical. Furthermore they observe that, it was not until much later(prenominal), that the Age of Reason spurned an era of critical study of the Bible and allowing traditional understanding of the Old and New Testaments to be questioned11 Challenges to Mosaic authorship were often explained as interpretation or the introduction of additional narrative expatiate that did not appear in the text. Other explanations included the fact that Moses was Gods prophet and so was in receipt of His divine word.12 However as biblical expertise grew so did the challenges and new answers to old questions began to emerge.As ea rly as the el returnh century, allusions and suggestions were being tentatively voiced.13 Abraham Ibn Ezra, a twelfth century Spanish rabbi held the belief that the language used in several flights of the Pentateuch reflected another time and place than that of Moses, views that he was unwilling to say outright. In references to his own views of the passages he wrote, If you understand, then you will fill in the truthAnd he who understands will keep silent.14 In the following centurys scholars such as Bonfils, Tostatus, Bishop of Avila, Andreas Van Maes and Thomas Hobbes put forward their own evaluations that questioned the authorship of the Pentateuch. Their findings ranged from citing a few sentences, to Thomas Hobbes declaration that the majority of the Pentateuch could not have been penned by Moses.15 In the seventeenth century, Deuteronomy, which reports the death of Moses, and also describes Moses as the most humble man who ever lived16 was critically assessed by Benedict Sp inoza, who concluded that, It is go agoneer than the sun at noon that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses, but by someone who lived long later on Moses.17 Many of these scholars had attempts made on their lives, their works were placed on the Catholic index of Prohibited books or burned others were arrested and forced to recant their views.The history of this dispute therefore shows that many renowned generators, philosophers and historians succumbed to the enticing plethora of hypothesis concerning Mosaic authorship. Josephus, the Jewish historian, states, He (Moses) also set down in writing the form of their Government, and those lawsthe laws he ordained were such as God suggested to him.18 When looking more closely at the sacred books of the Jews he further declares And of them five belong to Moses, which tick off his laws and the origins of mankind till his death19 These words echo down from centuries late(prenominal), representing the view and opinion of Jewish Schola rs in attributing the Pentateuch to Moses. Further along in time, Luthers translations of each of the five books of the Pentateuch are entitled a book of Moses thus showing an acceptance of this belief in the historic Christian Church.20 Opposing Josephus view and in contrast to Luther, the 19th century German critic Hartmann denied Mosaic authorship on the grounds that it was quite literally impossible because writing had not yet been invented. MacDonald (1995), disagrees and asserts that, Archaeological discoveries of the past snow years have proven once and for all that the art of writing was known not entirely during Moses day, but also long ahead Moses came on the scene.21 These facts do not help prove or disprove Mosaic authorship, however it does provide us with a time frame within which the debate became anthropomorphized. An historic timeline in this debate is important in that it can be used as a reference baksheesh to work frontward or backwards from, particularly a s disputes over the chronological timeline concerning events from the Pentateuch remain relevant today. propagation as the foundation of IsraelAs the first book of the Pentateuch, Genesis purpose is to tell how and why God came to choose Abrahams family and make a covenant with them. A covenant that is significant in that it is the foundation of Israelite theology and identity.22 Genesis also introduces us to the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the three patriarchs of the people of Israel. The patriarchal stories depicted in Genesis are important in that they, lent conduction to the fundamental importance of the family for all other forms of society in the period when the tribes were developing into a people and state.23 However, controversy surrounds them, many Biblical scholars and archaeologists debate about whether or not the Patriarchs actually lived. Placing the Patriarchs on an Old Testament timeline depends closely on ones dating (if any) of the Exodus event.24 Hendel (2001) believes that e real kind of religious literature in the Hebrew Bible celebrates the Exodus as a foundational event it is seen as the main historical warrant for the religious bond between Yahweh and Israel25 26 W. F. Albright was confident that the Exodus was an historical event and assigned a date of ca. 1297 BCE.27 In comparison the renowned source critic Julius Wellhausen asserted that the Pentateuch conveys no historicity for the Patriarchs but only when reflects patriarchal stories retold in later age. In contrast, Claus Westermann asserts that, Storytelling is the predecessor of all history. 28 He explains furtherStorytellers recounted what took place, what they observed, in order to share it with others. The original purpose of the stories was to allow new generations to share in the experiences and knowledge of their ancestors.29Many biblical scholars and theologians would agree that Mosaic authorship is relevant, however for others it is seen to be irrelevant and convey a Does it really matter? attitude. Yet there are references made within the Bible itself that attribute the authorship of the Pentateuch to Moses. These are often drawn upon in defence of Mosaic authorshipthere are about two twelve verses in the Hebrew Scriptures and one dozen in the Christian Scriptures which state or strongly imply that Moses was the author. 30Old and New Testament ScripturesThe Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch is intrinsically connected to the question of Moses as the author or intermediary of Old Testament legislation.31 A Mosaic link between the Old and New Testaments can be found within the texts themselves. New Testament writers use references and quotes from the Old Testament just as Moses within the Old Testament prophesises of what was to comethus enabling an affiliation of the Old with the New, creating a volume that merges into one complete tome. The books of the Bible can be likened to any group of books that share the same subject they expre ss a similarity in their subject roots and yet provide a contrast that is inherited from their author. As one writes in the contemporary world ideas and words need to have references to back them up, evidence and deduction that others perhaps have considered your own words. The same could therefore be said of the New Testament writers, following the same pattern allow the disparate expressions of writers to be expressed.The burden of proofIf the authorship of the Pentateuch were ever to be unequivocally disproved the consequences could be devastating for the religions involved, DeHaan (1982) explains, excavate that Moses did not write the books of the Pentateuch and you prove that the Nazarene was totally mistaken and not the infallible Son of God he claimed to be. Upon your faith in Moses as the writer of the five books attributed to him rests also your faith in messiah as the Son of God. You cannot believe in Jesus Christ without believing what Moses wrote.32DeHaans view is m ade clear by this simple paradigm, however, closer inspection of the words and their implied significance opens up a chasm of queries and insinuations that require further investigation. When considering this statement one finds that the overarching subliminal message that appears within the text is the necessity of proof. Fundamentally this is a statement about the assumed relationship between Moses as author of the five books, and Jesus who within the New Testament attributes the Law to Moses. These words resound as a modern day echo of Jesus words as described by New Testament Gospel writer John, For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote of Me. But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words? 33 Moreover, in the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus makes the following statementDo not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets I did not come to abolish, but to fulfil. For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away from the Law, un til all is accomplished. Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and so teaches others, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven but whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.34These words, ascribed to Jesus, show that Jesus himself acknowledges Moses as the author of the Pentateuch. Furthermore He is sending out a strong message by stating that, in not believing what Moses wrote about Him, we will not believe anything He has to say either. What then is the bearing of the words spoken by Jesus upon the question of the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch? In the New Testament Jesus references to Moses are ampleMoses commands, Moses said, Moses wroteare all used within its context by the authors of the Gospels. Stevens (1889), an early Old Testament authorship writer, suggests that Jesus speaks of the Pentateuch utilize popular designations of the time and was not in fact confirming authorship.35Chapter 2 foresight and the influence of Source criticismIt was not too long ago that Jews and Christians held the universal view that Moses alone wrote the Pentateuch. A delve into the history of the debate shows that although numerous attempts were made to credit or discredit its newspaper publisher and authorship, Mosaic authorship and its credibleness remained stagnant for many years.The authorship debate first became apparent in the aftermath of what is known as the period of enlightenment. The Enlightenment is held to be the source of critical ideas and provided the cultural shift necessary for the emergence of a new trust in the power of human reason.36 Immanuel Kant (1784) in his essay What is Enlightenment? simply describes it as freedom to use ones own intelligence.37 Clarke (1997) describes Kants view of Enlightenment as the point at which a human being recognizes his or her autonomy.38 Whereas Ames (1925) depicts religion for Kant as being something a man lived and did not merely think abou t.39 Many scientists and religionists alike(predicate) would gladly accept such a simplification of their problems, 40 nevertheless the Enlightenment period was marked by increasing empiricism, scientific rigor, and reductionism along with increasing unbelieving of religious orthodoxy.41 Questions regarding Pentateuchal authorship had led to rumblings and critical analysis by past Biblical Scholars, however it was French physician Jean Astruc who initiated modern literary or source analysis of the Old Testament.42 According to Pfeiffer (1957) when the Pentateuch was canonized in 400 BCE, it was firmly believed that Moses was its author.43 He explains further that Biblical investigations and critical analysis passed through different stages here he cites Astruc (1753), Geddes (1798) and De Wette (1806) as principle theorists. 44 The Enlightenment thus created a significant shift that resulted in the historical-critical method which suggested that we should accept as true only that which can be empirically proven.45 As a result by the 19th century, traditional views on Mosaic authorship had ceased to be entertained by mainstream scholars and by the closing decades of the 19th century, a theory by Julius Wellhausen became a theoretical forerunner, with the majority of critics coming to view his theory with accord.Julius WellhausenIn 1895 Julius Wellhausen gave an explanation of Pentateuchal origin, his hypothesis became known as the documentary or JEDP hypothesis.46 This hypothesis explains that the Pentateuch was compiled from four original source documentsdesignated as J, E, D, and P. These four documents supposedly were written at different multiplication by different authors, and eventually were compiled into the Pentateuch by a redactor (editor). The J is characterized by its authors use of the divine name Yahweh. Elohim is the divine name that identifies the E or Elohist document. The D, or Deuteronomist, document contained most of the book of Deuteronomy . The last section to be written was the P, or Priestly, document, which would have contained most of the priestly laws. We are told these documents were then redacted (edited) into one work about 300 years later in 200 B.C.47Wellhausens timing was perfect, the public were open to new theories as religiosity began to be questioned textual criticism was able to find ground from which its roots could take hold and grow. Goshen-Gottstein explains, the rise of textual criticism depended on preconditions and on certain attitudes and dispositions, beyond the elementary linguistic capabilities.48 Wellhausen attained his results by a faithful application of the uses of evidence he assembled relevant facts and built a reasoned construction upon them, this became the characteristic of the succeeding critical movement.49 Oswald T. Allis (1943) explains Wellhausens method further,The slightest variations in diction, style, viewpoint or subject matter were seized upon as indicative of differen ce in author, date, and source. The miraculous element is viewed with hunch and regarded either as evidence of the late date and unreliability of a narrative, or as proof that it represents a primitive and unscientific account of phenomena in which a modern writer would see only the operation of natural processes.50The analysis of the written word became par descend in defining Mosaic authorship as well as adding to the longevity of the debate. Hill and Walton (2000) affirm, the multiplicity and complexity of these literary forms that have been directly responsible for the ongoing debate over the composition of the Pentateuch.51 Furthermore they argue that the literature of the Pentateuch is considered to be a collection of rich and literary genres that enhance both the artistic nature and key theological themes that combine it.52This new modern world saw the naissance of an innovative period of science and technology this opened the door for a myriad of explanations to be propose d concerning Mosaic authorship. McDowell suggests that the very origin of modern science rests upon the truth of the scripture he goes further to explain that there is a God that created and designed an ordered universe this prompted men like Newton to search for certain scientific laws to explain this order.53 It can be said then that science and the scriptures do not cancel each other out they simply look at the world from different perspectives, but are not finally contradictory.54Merrill Unger expresses concern about rejecting Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch in favour of the Documentary theory he suggests that conservative scholarship should realise anew the essential unsoundness of critical hypothesis and cease essay to reconcile its potent unbelief with the tenets of historic evangelical Christianity and conservative Judaism55 William Henry Green (1895) disagrees with this hypothesis and claims that the books of the bible have nothing to fear from investigations into i ts genuineness and credibility he goes on to suggest that thorough searching can only result in establishing more firmly the truth of the claims, which the Bible makes for itself, The bible stands upon a rock from which it can never be dislodged. 56 Hill (2000) explains that the source analysis approach, which gained prominence during the nineteenth century, not only affected the way scholars viewed the Pentateuch as a literary composition, but also had far reaching implications for the historicity of the patriarchal narratives. Furthermore he states that, Julius Wellhausen, the most influential of the source critics asserted that the Pentateuch conveys no historicity for the patriarchs, but merely reflects patriarchal stories retold in a later age.57Towards the contemporary world a look at archaeologyScholarship can sometimes become stagnant, however in the case of Pentateuchal studies the debate between different points of view continues to ebb and flow. As yet, no new consensus h as emerged about the composition of the Pentateuch.58 Publications over the past one hundred years show that many other theories or indeed modifications of theories have arisen. The Wellhausen theory itself has come under much criticism and though it still has its proponents, it is no longer a universal agreement of authority in critical scholarship. The subject then remains an enigma and is no closer to a solution now, than it was when first queried. Yet the debate does continue to thrive, aided because, with the passage of time the earth unleashes its hidden treasures and technological inventions are created that allow us to rifle back the centuries and glimpse into the past. Fresh discoveries it seems wield new evidence that scholars pounce upon to argue their case.One area in contemporary society that has emerged in favour of biblical accuracy is the field of archaeology. archeology is defined by Muncaster (2000) as the systematic study of things that cultures have left behind. 59 W. F. Albright the great archaeologist concludes that the past 100 years has seen archaeology verify some of the history contained in the bible, he states There can be no doubt that archaeology has confirmed the substantive historicity of Old Testament tradition. 60 Finkelstein and Silberman (2002) attest that, Archaeology has helped us to reconstruct the history behind the bible.61More recent publications aim to verify the historicity of the Old Testament using archeological evidence, Muncaster (2000) suggests that the accuracy of the Old Testament is vital to the Bibles message and that archaeology provides one means of confirming the historical accuracy.62 To confirm or prove the historical accuracy of the Bible one needs to consider the implications of proof. Does proof relate to disproving the facts of the Bible and the account held within it, does this mean that the words spoken by Jesus in the New Testament and the history of the Israelite nation is condemned to hearsay? Archaeology offers some answers, but is it concrete? Gnuse (1994) expresses the opinion that, Who or what Moses was ultimately is irrelevant for he stands as a symbol of process. The traditional figure of Moses symbolizes the initiation of the religious journey.63 McDowell stresses a cautionary note in relation to archaeology, as he says, all too often the phrase Archaeology proves the Bible arises, in answer to this he uses the word prove to stress the interpreters usage that could cause incorrect assumptions,Archaeology cannot prove the Bible, if by that you mean prove it to be inspired and revealed by God. If by prove, one means, Showing some biblical event or passage to be historical. Then it would be a correct usage. 64The world within which we now live is far outback(a) from the world of Wellhausen and even further removed from the era of scribes and patriarchs. In a time where archaeology has uncovered scripts that peel back time and allow modern technology to wield its powe rthere is still no right or wrong answer that appears as a forerunner. Using science and technology as an aid, scholars, theologians and archaeologist are still embroiled in a quest to answer the questions that revolve around Bible authorship. Scrolls retrieved from the caves in Qumran are being drawn on by scholars to provide scriptural evidence and possible explanations of Mosaic authorship. Cook (1994) explains that the Old Testament prophets, Foresaw a golden age for Israel when her various trials, punishments, exiles and tribulations were over65 This Golden Age includes the arrival of a messiah one who would reign by peace and blessings of every kind.66 Verification of these prophecies can be established and linked to Moses in Deuteronomy Moses speaks of a coming prophet like himself67. Further, Isaiah describes the one who brings good news, who proclaims peace, who brings good tidings, who proclaims salvation.68 Qumran, harbour of the Dead Sea Scrolls, held within cave four a scroll that refers to Moses as Gods anointed, Strugnell cited in Cook (1994)Cursed is the man who does not arise and observe and do according to all the commandments of the Lord in the mouth of Moses His Anointed One, and to walk after the Lord, the God of our fathers, who commands us from Mount Sinai.69Could this then be seen as Proof that Moses was a prophet, an anointed one who prophesized the coming of another like him? A prophet who was himself to foretell all that was to come70 If so then is this proof that Moses also wrote the Pentateuch? One could argue that if Moses words are proven to be reliable through the fulfilled prophecies within the Bible and the archaeological findings that appear to stick out them. McDowells admonitory note on archaeological evidence re-surfaces in Bartlett (2002), when he states that, There are still major problems between the relationship of the archaeological findings to the fact and contents of the scrolls. However, he also professes a hope t hat, subsequent research will throw light on them.71 Scholarly differences of opinion are clearly visible as is the interpretation of related scripture. Bernstein (1997) in reviewing Lawrence Schiffmans work, Reclaiming the Dead Sea Scrolls points out that the narrative and legal Pentateuchal texts found in the caves, show the start out of exegetical methods ready for the Qumran interpreter.72 There is no doubt, declares Bernstein,That any reviewer will find one or another chapter of the book deficient from some proper(postnominal) perspective this will always be the case when a broad synthesis of the Dead Sea Scrolls is written by virtually any scholar, for no one is equally competent in all the complex fields of Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship. What Schiffman has done is to contextualize these texts for interpretation, and that is more important than his particular interpretation of any specific issue. 73It is this difference in interpretation that allows the debate to continue to thrive. A contemporary scholar in biblical studies, Richard Elliot Friedman equates Mosaic authorship to, a scout story spread across the centuries with investigators uncovering clues to the Bibles origins one by one 74 Furthermore, he states that, There is hardly a biblical scholar in the world who would claim that the Five Books of Moses were written by Moses or by any one person.75 And yet Moses is arguably a leading figure in both religion and history, his words are the foundation of faith for over half the earths population.76 Phillips (2003) clarifies that the three great monotheistic religions of the world have derived from the revealed holy laws of the ancient Israelites. He concurs that Moses God became not only the God of Judaism but of Christianity and Islam.77 For the authors of scripture then, history is a theological tool by which God reveals Himself. Archaeology can authenticate history but it cannot authenticate theology, and from the biblical perspective, history devoid of theology is meaningless.78ProphecyThe Jewish nation believes that history and prophecy are inextricably intertwined,79 history was recorded by more than one culture and was therefore documented, however for Israel, prophecy was assurance that the writings were from God.80 81 Prophecies detailed in the Old covenant are said to be longer-term prophecies those fulfilled by Jesus in the New Testament and ultimately classed as inspiration from God.82 McGrath (2007) describes the majority position within Christian theology has, in one hand emphasized the continuity between the two testaments, while on the other noting the distinction between them.83 One of the strongest arguments used by adherents to Mosaic authorship, stems from the predictions it makes within its pages about the future. These events are what give Biblical scholars reason to continue their pursuit of Mosaic verification. Of these prophecies one in particular is used to corroborate Mosaic authorship the advent of an anointed one who was to arrive in the future.Often when one reads about the Mosaic Pentateuch one can find statements that refer to the infallibility of scripture, in particular with regards to Jesus Christ. Livingston (2004) claims that Christ knew the scriptures thoroughly, even to words and tenses84 and that Jesus also believed, every word of scripture, the historicity of the Old Testament and that it was spoken by God Himself, thereby affirming that Moses wrote the Pentateuch, even thought the pen was held by men.85 Furthermore, Livingston states that, if we are to believe that his life was guided by prophecy, then he was subject to a life that was written for him, does this limit the choices he had to make or was he just Gods tool, there to fulfil Gods plan? However Jesus obeyed Gods word and His authority. He came to do Gods will and in doing so fulfilled Old Testament He fulfilled Old Testament prophecies about Himself.86 LangMarch (1995) explains that Jesus places a g reat amount of emphasis on the fulfilment of scripture this he maintains confirms its veracity.87 However this point is one that cannot be overlooked for if Biblical Scholars find the scriptures to be in fault then the obvious conclusion would be that Jesus too was in error and could not have been the infallible son of God.Chapter ThreeCurrent views and hypothesisThroughout the history of this debate scholars have battled in order to propose their own interpretation of scripture. These battles are still relevant and consume the minds of contemporary scholars. Time, it seems has not diminished the pursuit of truth, contemporary scholars are just as committed in their attempts to solve the authorship problem as their past contemporaries. In the past four decades there have been numerous publications concerning Pentateuchal authorship and views are still divided. P.N. Benware (1993) states that, Moses was the human author of Genesis and the other books of the Pentateuch he adds,These five books of the law were written by Moses alone, with the exception of Deuteronomy 34, which records the death of Moses The Pentateuch, therefore, is an inspired, inerrant, authoritative document written by the man Moses. 88The authors of the New C