What Is Wrong With Our Educational System Of Today

America, the land of opportunity, the land of differing opinions. Our great nation has, once more, slipped into the thoughts and practices of yesteryear. With the common core state standards and the educational reform movement in general, the entire country needs to take a giant step back and look at the issues we are faced with. How did we get to this point? What do we do now? Through explanation of the history of education, the common core, and possible outcomes of these standards, I will hope to answer the big question; what is wrong with our educational system of today? Humble Beginnings American education has always been in a stumble-and-fall situation. In the early 19th century, we were only beginning to grasp the idea that we needed more consistent schools, no matter where or who the students were. In the 1800’s America was growing exponentially, both geographically and governmentally; the civil war started and ended, we saw the start of the industrial revolution, and we saw the rise of many different forms and levels of education. All of these political and economic changes weighed heavily on America, which reinforced the fact that education is vital to a growing nation. According to â€Å"Your Introduction to Education†, the school system that we see today has it’s roots in the common schools of the 19th century (Powell 204). Horace Mann was the mastermind behind this reform and urged people to support schooling for all children, not just wealthy white males. With theShow MoreRelatedEducation And The Intellectual Era Of Enlightenment1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe educational system that we have today was built in the intellectual era of enlightenment. 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My frustration is a byproduct of the failure in the educational system to progress and acclimatize justRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau Critique1360 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative education (Entwistle in Bayley, 89) describes many valid concepts which are still applied in todays educational system. Although his philosophy is reasonable in terms of its ideas, his contradictions make it such that it would be difficult to apply realistically as pedagogy. Rousseau was a French philosopher of the eighteenth century, he argued that children should not be told what to learn, instead t hey should learn for themselves through experiences and his pedagogies of negative educationRead MoreEssay What Went Wrong With Americas Schools?1500 Words   |  6 Pages What Went Wrong with Americas Schools? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Education is the key to any countries economic success. For a country to be economically sound, the business and industry within that country must be financially prosperous. In todays high tech world economy, businesses and industries need well educated employees to prosper. Therefore, the deterioration of a countries educational system should be considered a major economic problem. Between 1965 and 1980, the performance ofRead MoreIs Education A Good Thing?1358 Words   |  6 PagesIs education in our society today well rounded enough to prepare students for a successful future for themselves? â€Å"It’s time to educate the whole person, not just follow regulations and exam pathways† (Robinson.) We can all agree that having an education is a good thing, but can we really say that formal education, is really allowing a student to achieve their full potential? The system works great for information seekers, and it doesn’t really acknowledge the people who are creative, and the outRead MoreA Report On K12 Education1001 Words   |  5 Pagesrole and importance of education in our life. Starting when we were young, we have come to believe that having a proper education can lead us to better opportunities later in life. Education is planted like a seed at a very young age, and like any seeds, I believe that it is best taken c are of when it is still in the process of growing. Unfortunately, I believe that there are some policies in our educational system that need immediate attention to ensure that our future generation gets an effectiveRead MoreAn Analysis of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois Proposed Education System to the Prevalent System1085 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and builds personalities, introvert and extrovert, pessimistic and optimistic, loving and aggressive. For a better society an improved educational system is a must, a system based on ethics and knowledge. The paper examines the work and educational principles of W.E.B. Dubois and then compares his proposed system to the currently prevalent educational system. Introduction William Edward Burghardt Du Bois is one of the greatest African Americans in history. He was born, 23rd February 1868 inRead MoreThe Code Of The Honor Code1303 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the society, especially in the educational system; however, similar to the way we enforce rules to improve the students’ actions, we must provide standards that ethically better the students. By forming our own perspective on the honor code, acknowledging that the efficiency of the honor code relies on the student bodies’ compliance to the expectations, and relating the honor code to free will, we have come to the conclusion that the present honor code in our school, Robert Vela High School, needsRead MoreThe American Education System Is Broken And Outdated1398 Words   |  6 Pageshave gone through the public school system at some point or another. Many have gotten their entire education through this medium. So, if so many of our populace is educated by public schools we would expec t that everyone within this institution would get a first rate schooling, right? That we would be giving our children the best education that money can buy? Of course, knowing our government, that dream will stay just that: a dream. The American education system is broken and outdated and we needRead MoreThe Fallacy Of Public Education1580 Words   |  7 Pageslearn by force or harshness; but direct them to it by what amuses their minds, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each.† -Plato For the last several decades, there has been a great return to homeschooling. Many families have seen the need to remove their children from the public education system for a variety of reasons: for religious grounds, because of a decline of morals in the public system, or to give their children an education where they

How A City Teenager Good - 1692 Words

1 is â€Å"Footloose†. This movie is an upbeat, pop, classic musical Good 2 released in 1984. This movies soundtrack reached the number Good 3 chart on April 21, 1984. It stayed number one until June 30, Good 4 until June 30, 1984. This movie is about how a city teenager Good 5 Taylor-Corbett. She is a director, chorographer, composer, Good 6 chorographer, composer, and lyricist. She was born in Good 7 born in Denver, Colorado and works in film and theatre (most Good 8 (most notably, creating the choreography for the 1984 dance Good 9 â€Å"Footloose†). Corbett also choreographs for some dance Good 10 dance companies, both modern and ballet, and is the principal Good 11 Carolina Ballet. She choreographed the dance â€Å"Great Galloping Good†¦show more content†¦He is an American Good 24 as a guitarist. He is known for soft rock music beginning Good 25 in the 1970s, and later was known for writing and performing Good 26 in the 1980s. Thomas Righter Snow was born in 1947 in Good 27 in Princeton, New Jersey and is an American songwriter. Good 28 American songwriter. James Richard Jim Steinman was born on Good 29 on November 1, in New York City, NY. He is an American Good 30 American composer, lyricist, and Grammy Award-winning record Good 31 many hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist Good 32 as an arranger, pianist and singer. The composers worked Good 33 released on March 23, 1984 (Sweden). The movie was directed by Good 34 Herbert Ross. This movie was based off of a true story Good 35 in Elmore City. Although there were some creative liberties Good 36 with the movie, it is based on the real life fight between Good 37 where they lived. Dancing wasn’t allowed in the city of Elmore. Good 38 city of Elmore. The class of 1980 at Elmore City High School Good 39 on the matter. The students won with a vote of 3 to 2 in Good 40 rebellious spirit. It’s a classic tale of a teenage rebellion Good 41 and repression, which features a pleasant combination of Good 42 performances. Footloose† is set in a small, Middle Western Good 43 set in a small, Middle Western religious town where bopping Good 44 strictly forbidden. Into this slightly isolated climate comes Good 45 punk haircut. Although Ren tries

Sub Level Caving Free Essays

Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence SUBLEVEL CAVING TECHNIQUE SIMPLICITY AND LOW COST ARE THE ESSENCE Author: Partha Das Sharma, B. Tech(Hons. ) in Mining Engineering, E. We will write a custom essay sample on Sub Level Caving or any similar topic only for you Order Now mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 1. Introduction – Sublevel caving is usually carried out when mining of the orebody through an open pit method is no longer economically feasible. Mining now proceeds underground, underneath the open pit. At first, both a raise and a network of tunnels are made. At different sublevels, jumbos are used for long hole drilling, drilling directly upwards into the roof. These holes are then charged with explosives and blasted. As the roofs cave in, the rock from the ground surface will cave in to the underground as well. Scoop trams or Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles transport the muck, loosened rocks, to an ore pass where the rocks are lifted to the surface. Drilling and blasting takes place at different underground levels of the mine at the same time. As the blasted rock, muck, is continuously transported to the ore pass, more blasting will encourage the roof to cave in to the void and further into the drift. This is repeated until blasting, caving and transporting depletes the entire orebody. 2. Modern day Sublevel caving – The sublevel caving technique, as the method is applied today, the whole quantity of ore between the different sublevels is broken using ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 1 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence controlled drilling and blasting. Sublevel caving is in many respects simple. It can be used in orebodies with very different properties and it is easy to mechanize. In sublevel caving, ore is developed from a series of sublevels spaced at regular intervals throughout the orebody. Mining begins at the top of the orebody. A series of ring patterns is drilled and blasted from each sublevel. Broken ore is mucked out after each blast and the overlying waste rock caves on top of the broken ore. This technique is inexpensive, highly mechanized and yields a large amount of muck. It is normally used in massive, steeply-dipping orebodies with considerable strike length. Since dilution and low recoveries are unavoidable, sublevel caving is used to mine lowgrade, low-value ore-bodies. However, studies are going on in various levels to eliminate the shortcoming of the system. The designs which are used and the measures which can be taken to eliminate the disadvantages are less understood. Possibly the modern version of the method was developed in the iron mines of Sweden. Over the past few years, the scale of sublevel caving has increased markedly with LKAB being a leader in this regard. Today, with the continuing push to increase mining scale, a fundamental question is whether the gravity flow principles which served as the design basis for the small-scale sublevel caving mine designs of the past can be applied at much larger scales or whether some other approach is required. In fact, in design and operating practices, sublevel caving is among the most advanced of all mining methods. Sound engineering is indispensable to its conduct. The reason is related to the complexity of the caving action and the necessity of controlling it. The increased sublevel interval requires diligence in drilling, loading and blasting practices. The advent of improved drilling technology has made increased sublevel intervals possible in the sublevel cave mine. Hydraulic tube rod drill rigs have made long ——————————————————————————————————- 2 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence up-holes accurate with less than 2% deviation. Apart, blasting pattern used has also plays very important role. Proper fragmentation and blasting efficiency is evaluated by measuring the percentage of muck which is able to pass the designated blast size. 3. Description of sublevel caving method – An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. Parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels. The ore is then drilled and blasted using longholes between levels, often in a circular or fan pattern, on retreat. The weight of the rock is used to assist breakage. The upper levels are mined ahead of lower levels. Broken ore is extracted from the drive before the next blast takes place. The wall rock caves in when the ore is extracted. As discussed, in sublevel caving, the hanging wall is allowed to cave in as the ore is drilled, blasted and removed. The wall caving is induced by mining the ore in controlled sequence, usually from hanging wall to footwall and from top to bottom. Sublevel caving is often used in conjunction with surface mining. Sublevel caving extracts the ore via sublevels, which are developed in the orebody at regular vertical spacing. Each sublevel features systematic layout with parallel drifts, along or across the orebody. In the wide orebody, sublevel drifts start from the footwall drive, to continue across, reaching the hanging wall. In the orebody lesser width, sublevel drifts are branched off in both directions, from a centre crosscut drive. ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 3 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Development volume to prepare sublevel caving is extensive, compared to other mining methods. However, development is mainly drifting to prepare sublevels. Drifting is a simple and routine job for the mechanised mine. Development of sublevels is done efficiently, in an environment of multiple faces on one sublevel available to drill rigs and loaders. A ramp connection is needed to connect different sublevels, and communicate with main transport routes. Ore passes are also required, at strategically locations along sublevels, for LHD-loaders to dump ore from sublevels, to be collected and transported on the haulage level below. —————————————————————————– ————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 4 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Lon ghole rigs drill the ore section above the drift, in a fan spread pattern. Longhole drilling is a procedure which is done independent of other jobs, often well ahead of charging. Thus, drilling and charging-blasting longholes can be timed to suit the mine’s production schedules. Blasting on each sublevel starts at the hanging wall, mining then retreats toward the footwall. Miners aim the cave to follow an approximately straight front, and adjacent drifts mined at similar pace. A section through the cave to show upper sublevels one step ahead of sublevels underneath. Blasting the longhole fan breaks the ore volume covered by the fan-pattern. As the cave is filled with fractured rock, most of the fresh ore remains in the cave, while some caves into the drift opening. Mucking out with LHD-loaders creates a cave pattern of ore and waste from above. Loading continues until the operator decides that waste dilution is too high, and stops the mucking, and transfers to a nearby drift heading with a fresh cave. In the meantime, the empty heading is occupied by the charging team, to charge next ring of longholes. Ore handling involves mucking out at the cave, transport on sublevels and dumping into ore passes. Waste dilution and ore losses are drawbacks for sublevel caving. Waste dilution varies between 15 and 40%, ore losses from 15 % to 25 %, depending on local conditions. Dilution is of less influence for orebodies with diffuse boundaries, where the host rock contains low grades minerals. Parameters directly influence flow behaviour have been found to include the geometry of the extraction layout and drives, sublevel height, blast ring design, material characteristics of the blasted and waste material, and draw control methodology. In most of the sublevel caving system blasting parameters dominate in association with recovery when compared to drawpoint and geological parameters. Generally, sublevel caving method employs use of fan drilling using long and smalldiameter holes, between sublevels or drill drifts to undercut and blast the ore-zone. An initial slot is developed at the wallrock, and vertical uphole fans are rilled in a diamond pattern from sublevel in sequence. Generally, eight holes, inclined 80 to 85 degrees toward the slot, are drilled. Hole diameter average 51 mm, Burden and Spacing vary from 1. 2 to 1. 8 m and 1. 5 to 1. 8 m respectively. Blasting is performed against broken waste rock as wall rock caves. Generally, specific-charge range from 0. 3 to 0. 4 kg/ton. 4. Below are some salient features of Sublevel caving technique: Application * Weak walls and strong ore preferred though weak ore can be mined too. * Steep dip: A vertical dip is best, while dip60 is fine too. Possibility of loss of ore in non-vertical steep dips Considerable loss of reserves in flat dips * Preferably, the ore and the rock should be easily separable * Surface should be amenable to caving (not an inhabited or the watershed area etc) ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 5 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Development * Significant. Almost 20% of the ore is mine during development * Sublevels are established generally at 7. -12. 2 m vertical intervals and about 10. 7 m horizontal intervals The vertical interval is dependent on the drilling accuracy and the dip of the orebody The horizontal and vertical spacings affect the eccentricity of the cave * The size and shape of the production drift affects the draw Drift should be as wide as possible Should give good support to the back and the brows If the back is arched, the draw is mostly at the center and none on the sides If the back has to be arched for ground support, the drifts should be closer Ore remnants left behind (due to being out of reach of LHD’s) increase with height. Therefore, drift height should be as small as possible (usually about 3-3. 2 m). * Slot raises are driven at the hanging wall end of the production drift all the way up to the next level * Haulage levels driven in waste In wide orebodies, transverse layouts may be used (ore widths should be 12-15 m) Here, the production drifts are perpendicular to the strike Recovery better than longitudinal layouts Haulage drift in waste (footwall), about 9 m from ore contact. This distance is maintained so that blasting does not occur too close to it. Diamond drilling is done to obtain ore boundaries so that the haulage drift is neither too close nor too far away. o o * Ramps may be driven at 15 -18 , to production levels to provide access * Long, fan holes drilled 70-80 degrees forward (about 8 holes Production totaling 100 m in a ring) * Side holes, if drilled, should be steeper than 70 degree Side holes reduce length of holes driven up from the level below If flat holes drilled to the sides, however, the blasted material from the side holes cannot be extracted from the working level. Therefore, the neighboring fan hole blasted material does not get enough room to expand * Brows should be supported if necessary If brows collapse, ore floods the drift and covers some rings Also, the loader has problems loading as the ore does not stack high If brows are uneven, the ore funnels down the high spots ——————————————————————————————————- 6 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence If sloughing or high brows are noticed from development, it may be decided to blast more than 2 rings just to advance through the area * If drilling is not accurate, a bridge/arch may be left in the stope Re-slotting may become necessary * Powder factor high as blasting is always against blasted muck (almost twice that of blasting against an open face) * LHD’s used for mucking * Good ventilation necessary as all working faces are dead ends * Productivity is quite high (about 36 ton/miner-shift) Comments * High dilution from caved waste. Ore losses occur as well since not all mined ore can be recovered. * Ore/waste flow cannot be predicted accurately prior to mining. * Probably the most economical when mining in weak strata * Development openings are not kept open for the entire life of mine. Once a level is extracted, the development openings are consumed. * Safe, since all mining activities are in small, protected openings. * High degree of mechanization possible. 5. Discussion on ore flow, drilling and blasting for efficient workings: * Fragmentation is of key importance to sublevel cave stope. Proper fragmentation of the ore column resulted in improved efficiency for the other mine operations and was critical to recovery. * Underground observations indicate that the draw-points must be wide enough to account for inconsistent blast results and provide regular flow. * The draw-point width determines the width and flow strength of the central channel which is important to achieving high recovery of the ring. * The middle holes of the ring are fired first and can make first use of the swell volume offered by the underlying sublevel drift. * The central holes are drilled subvertical, fairly parallel, and relatively close to one another. The result is a relatively high and uniform specific charge compared to the other holes in the round. Thus, one would expect the best, most uniform fragmentation. * The ore material in the central part of the round can make the best use of the effect of gravity in directing it to the drawpoint. * All of the material in the fan is drilled and blasted. * Because of the fan geometry, the amount of explosive/unit volume and hence the fragmentation varies throughout the fan. * The ore material in the centre part of the fan and the lower part of the fan has a much higher specific charge than that at the boundaries of the ring. Furthermore, the â€Å"cave† which lies in front of the blasted slice is an eclectic mixture of waste rock and ore remnants. * Its mobility varies with location and with time (it changes with the extraction geometry). —————————————————— ————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 7 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence * Finally, most rock materials upon being blasted would like to bulk (swell) of the order of 50%. In sublevel caving, it is the sublevel drift located at the bottom end of the fan which is the primary provider of swell space for the ore in the ring. * It has been observed that, increased amounts of oversize in the ring decreases recovery, proving the importance of proper fragmentation for sublevel cave operation. * Recoveries could be less than 60% if the ring is composed of 30% oversize. The oversize in the draw-point reduces the mobility of the ore, thus preventing high recovery. * Effective blast patterns also take into consideration the amount of benching. High powder factors are also required to reduce benching but may create excessive blast damage and over-break. * Practical solutions, such as, the blast pattern, blasthole size, primer sequencing, powder factor and degree of fragmentation are to be considered in order to be efficient. 6. Design parameters and some preliminary design rules – Design parameters in sublevel caving are largely a function of caving mechanics, the branch of rock mechanics related to the breakage and collapse of consolidated materials in place and their flow downward by gravity. Although, the ore has to be drilled and blasted, the overlying rock comprising capping or hanging wall is undercut and caves. Extremely careful controls must be exercised in drawing the ore to avoid excessive dilution. Draw control is the practice of regulating the withdrawal of ore in the sublevel crosscuts so as to optimize the economics of draw. Preliminary design rules: * Sublevel drift size (width (Wd) and height (Hd): determined based on equipment. * Sublevel interval (HS): the theoretical maximum value is based on the ability to drill long, straight holes. This, in turn, is based on the hole diameter (D). The actual limit is based on recovery and dilution considerations which are due to managing ore/waste pulsation. * Hole diameter (D): based on the available drilling equipment and the ability to charge long holes. * Spacing of the sublevel drifts (Sd): Sd = (2. 4 to 2. 7) Wd * Ring spacing (Burden B): Based upon the damage radius (Rd): B = 2 Rd Where: Rd/rh = 20 ( Peexp/PeANFO)? ( 2. 65/? rock)? ? Rd = damage radius (m); rh = hole radius (m); Peexp = explosion pressure for the explosive; PeANFO = explosion pressure for ANFO = 1600 MPa; ? ock = rock density (g/cm3); 2. 65 = density of typical rock (g/cm3). * Hole toe spacing (ST): based upon the burden ST = 1. 3 B. * Spacing for parallel holes (SP): based upon the burden SP = B. * Front inclination: 70–80 degrees (forward). Example: If it is assumed that: D = 115 mm; Drift dimensions: 7 m wide by 5 m high; Explosive: emulsion (Pe Exp = 3900 MPa); Rock density = 4. 6 g/cm3; Suble vel interval: 25 m based on drilling ability and control of pulsation. ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. ail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ 8 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence One finds that the remaining dimensions are: Sublevel drift spacing: 17–19 m; Burden: 2. 7 m; Toe spacing (fanned): 3. 5 m; Toe spacing (parallel): 3 m; Front inclination: 80 degree selected. 7. Experience from LKAB, Sweden – Sub-level caving (SLC) is an important mass mining method, used at LKAB. The caved rock or debris at the SLC interface reduces the fragmentation and the swelling of the blasted ring and it dissipates the explosive energy. These phenomena may immobilize the blasted ring, causing ore losses. There are two major factors that influence the mobilization of the blasted ring, fragmentation and swelling of the blasted material. The caving process is influenced by also the stiffness of the waste rock, which is dependent in some way by the compaction that the blast ring contributes to. By using the acoustic impedance between the blasted material and the confining debris, a relationship for both fragmentation and compaction have been found depending on material, specific charge and physical properties of the debris. Regression analysis has been used for both tasks, where the two statistical hypotheses clearly have good agreement with actual data i. e. the prediction models can forecast both the fragmentation and compaction for this set-up with reasonable accuracy The results can be comparable with confined blasting in large scale, this both that it have representative design parameters that fulfil in many ways the scaling laws and the second is that it can be linked to other comparisons between large-scale and small-scale, where the similarities have been shown. LKAB’s Malmberget – The Malmberget mine consists of about 20 orebodies, of which ten are currently mined. Most of the deposit consists of magnetite ore, but non-magnetic hematite also occurs. The present main level of the Malmberget mine is at a depth of 1000 meters. About 14 Mt of crude ore is extracted from the orebodies each year. Development – The first stage of mining is drift development. A drift is a tunnel that is driven into the rock. Development involves construction of new areas of the mine where ore can be extracted. A development project begins with construction documents prepared by the mine planning department. Each year, the mine planning department orders development work on the basis of the forecast demand for products as well as current knowledge of the status of the orebody. A development drift goes right through the orebody. Drifts are driven with electrichydraulic drill rigs. For each charge, as many as 60 holes are drilled. Each hole is about 5 meters deep. When all the holes are drilled, they are charged with explosives. The charge is blasted at night. The loose ore is then hauled out by a front loader. This procedure is repeated until the entire development drift has been driven. The drifts can be up to 80 meters long. If necessary, the walls and ceiling of the drift are reinforced with rock bolts and/or shotcrete. When development is complete, i. e. , when several drifts have been driven in the same area, the next stage of mining can begin; namely, production drilling. ——————————————————————————————————Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. ordpress. com/ 9 Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence Production drilling – Slices of ore are drilled up with remote-controlled production drilling rigs. From their control rooms, the operators (drillers) operate sever al drill rigs out in the production areas via remote control. The rig drills upwards into the ore, forming fan-shaped patterns of holes. There are 10 drill holes in each series. They are normally about 40-45 meters deep. The holes are straight, so that subsequent charging with explosive and blasting can be done efficiently. When a pattern of holes has been drilled, the rig is moved back three meters, then drilling of the next pattern begins. About 20 of these patterns will be drilled in an 80-meter drift. Once drilling is completed in the entire drift, the holes can charged with explosive. Blasting – A robot injects explosive into the drill holes in one pattern. The explosive is manufactured by LKAB’s own explosives company. Blasting is done every night. Each round brings down about 10,000 tonnes of ore. When the blast has been ventilated, loading with wheeled loaders can begin. Then, the next pattern is charged, etc. The procedure is repeated until the entire drift has been mined out. 8. Conclusion – Caving methods have become the underground bulk mining methods of choice and expected to continue in the foreseeable future. The growing popularity of caving methods around the world is largely due to the very low production cost and the intrinsic safety associated with this mining approach. It is often the only viable mining method for some of the lower grade massive orebodies that are becoming too deep for open pit mining. Caving of strong rock masses has ecome accepted practice even though there are still some challenges to be resolved. Strategically, most medium and large mining companies are operating or planning to operate a caving mine. Codelco’s El Teniente mine in Chile and the LKAB Kiruna Mine in Sweden are among the largest and most famous caving operations in the world. Australia’s leading caving operations include Rio Tintoâ₠¬â„¢s Northparkes mines, BHP Billiton Nickel West’s Perseverance Mine and Newcrest’s Telfer and Ridgeway gold mines. References: * Kvapil, R , â€Å"Subleve l Caving†, Underground Mining Methods Handbook. â€Å"d Edit ion, Vol. 2. , H. L. Hartman, ed. , SME. Littleton, CO, 1992, p. 1789. * Geddes, P. J. , â€Å"Swedish Drilling and Blasting Practice†, Trans. Int. Min. Metail. , 1 986, Sect. A. , V. 95, p. 204-207. * Alatalo. R. , Heden, H. and Ronnback, L. , ‘large Scale Sublevel Caving in LKAB Malmberget Mine†, Proc. Int. Sym. Large Scale Underground hfining, Nov. 1985, V. 7. Lulea, p. 139- 145. * Baase, R. A. , Diment, W. D. , and Petrina, A. J. , â€Å"Sublevel Caving at Craigmont Mines Ltd. â€Å", Underground Mining Methods Handbook, W. A. Hustrulid, ed.. SME, New York, 1982, p. 898. Chatterjee, P. K. , Just, G. D. , and Ham, G. I.. ‘Sub-level caving simulation of 3000 pillar-recovery operation at Mount Isa mine. Australia† . Tram inst . min. Met.. Sect. A. , V. 88.. Oct. 1979, p. Al47-Al55. ——————————————————————————————————- 10 Author: Partha Das Sharma, E. mail: sharmapd1@gmail. com, Blog/Website: http://miningandblasting. wordpress. com/ Sublevel caving techniqueSimplicity and low cost are the essence * Cox, LA. , â€Å"Latest Developments and Draw Control in Sublevel Caving†, Trans. Int. Min Metall. , 1967, V. 76, p. A149-159. * Hustrulid. A. , â€Å"Sublevel Cave Mining at LKAB Kinina Mine†. iNCO presentation Aug. 1995. * Bull, G. and Page, C. H. (2000) Sublevel caving – today’s dependable low-cost ‘ore factory’, in Proceedings MassMin 2000, G. Chitombo (ed), 29 October to 2 November 2000, Brisbane, Australia, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, pp. 537–556. * Hustrulid, W. and Kvapil, R. (2008) Sublevel Caving – past and future, in Proceedings 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining, MassMin 2008, H. Schunnesson and How to cite Sub Level Caving, Papers

Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. What is your firms tax expense in its latest financial statements? 2. Is this figure the same as the company tax rate times your firms accounting income? Explain why this is, or is not, the case for your firm. 3. Comment on deferred tax assets/liabilities that is reported in the balance sheet articulating the possible reasons why they have been recorded. 4. Is there any current tax assets or income tax payable recorded by your company? Why is the income tax payable not the same as income tax expense? 5. Is the income tax expense shown in the income statement same as the income tax paid shown in the cash flow statement? If not why is the difference? 6. What do you find interesting, confusing, surprising or difficult to understand about the treatment of tax in your firms financial statements? 7. What new insights, if any, have you gained about how companies account for income tax as a result of examining your firms tax expense in its accounts? Answers: Answer 1 The annual report of JB Hi-Fi Company has reflected that owners equity, contributed equity, reserve and retained earnings have been considered. However, in order to save the tax payment to government, company has planned to increase the debt portion in its balance sheet. Owners equity is divided into three specific parts (Bekaert and Hodrick, 2017). The stakeholders equity section of JB HI FI Limited Include Contributed Equity Reserve Retained Earning Contributed capital also called Paid in capital. It is the amount of cash and other assets that shareholder had given to the corporation in exchange for stock. Contributed capital is an element of the total amount of equity recorded by an organisation. It can be shown in separate account within the stake holders equity section of the balance sheet. However, with the increase in the income, company has been paying increased total tax payment throughout the time. The equity capital investment in JB Hi-Fi Company has been increasing throughout the time. This level of business functioning and increasing equity capital of JB Hi-Fi Company will decrease the financial leverage and risk associated with the capital solvency of company. In 2013, JB Hi-Fi Company had AUD $ 243 million investment which has increased by somewhere around 400% in 2017 and shown equity capital of company AUD $ 854 million throughout the time (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). Reserves are the portion of the businesss profit which has been set aside to strengthen the businesss financial position. Reserve is often used to purchase fixed assets, to repay debts, to fund expansion, bonuses and dividend repayment. There can be two kind of reserve Capital reserve and Revenue reserve. The retained earnings of a corporation are the accumulated net income of the corporation that is retained by the corporation at a particular point of time such as at the end of the reporting period. Retained earnings is the amount which has not been paid by company as dividend but retain by company which would be plugged back in business ,to pay dept. or can be utilise to grab new opportunity in business world. Equity (Amount in dollar million) ($M) 2017 2016 Contributed equity 438.7 49.3 Reserve 33.7 27.1 Retained earning 381.6 328.3 Total equity 853.5 404.7 Answer 2 JB Hi-Fi Company s tax expense in its latest financial statements It is evaluated that tax is the amount of money which is paid by the JB Hi-Fi Company to government. It is charged on the profit earned by company. However, by evaluating annual report of JB Hi-Fi Company, it is considered that company has been paying high tax amount and did not use proper capital structure to reduce its tax payment throughout the time (Cucchiella, Gastaldi and Trosini, 2017). Particular(AUD $ in million) 2016 2017 Income tax expenses 86.8 65.6 This above given table shows that company has decreased its tax payment throughout the time. In 2016, company was paying AUD $ 86.8 million tax payment which went down by 20% in 2017 and resulted to payment of tax of AUD $ 65.6 million. It is considered that company has increased the debt portion and interest payment. However, company has increased the overall return in 2017 as compared to last year. At the same time, company has increased the interest payment and other tax deductible expenses which reduced the tax payment throughout the time. In addition to this, in 2016, JB Hi-Fi Company was having AUD $ 7.8 million differed tax amount which has been reduced to zero (Deresky, 2017). Answer 3 Tax rate figure of the JB Hi-Fi Company and its comparison with the tax deduction from the overall accounting income After evaluating the annual report of company it is considered that firms tax expenses shown in the balance sheet is not the same amount of tax rate times firms accounting income. JB Hi-Fi Company has paid tax expenses AUD $ 65.6 million in 2017 which includes deferred tax amount as well. On the other hand, company tax rate times firms accounting income would be charged with the amount of accounting income *30% tax rate i.e. 259*30%= AUD $ 77.7 million. The total tax differences between firms tax expense in its latest financial statements and the company tax rate times firms accounting income is AUD $ 12.1 million. Reason for the differences between firms tax expense in its latest financial statements and the company tax rate times firms accounting income is the inclusion of deffered tax in balance sheet and differences between the treatment of taxation amount as per the accounting income and taxations rules and regulation. The divergence between these two taxes arises due to two main reasons. First is related to differences between items of revenue and expenses shown in the profit and loss account and the items which are noted as revenue, expenses and deduction for tax purpose. For instance, Depreciation accounting, bed debts accounting, recording of donations in financial statement is different as per the accounting and income tax provision which is given in AASB-112. In accordance with the matching concept, taxes on incomes are accrued in the same period as the revenue and the amount of expenses to which they relates. Answer 4 Deferred tax assets/liabilities that is reported in the balance sheet Deferred Tax The annual report of JB Hi-Fi Company has reflected that in its latest financial statements deferred tax liabilities $8.2 million. Deferred tax should be recognised and carried forward only to the extent that there is a reasonably certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Yes JB HI FI Limited is having deferred tax liabilities in the year 2017, which is shown in the liabilities side of the balance sheet. In current practice companies in general prepare books of accounts as per Corporation Act and AASB. Accounting income and taxable income prepared are seldom same and that is the reason behind creating DTA/DTL. If accounting income is higher than the taxable income then it will be shown in the deferred assets side and if it is lower than the taxable income then it will be shown in the deferred tax liabilities. For instance, if company find that due the different between accounting and income tax provisions, if company has charged higher tax on its revenue and as per the accounting rules and regulation then all the excess tax payment will be shown on the assets side of the balance sheet as deferred assets. On the other hand, if company has charged lower tax on its revenue and as per the accounting rules and regulation as compared to tax accounting frameworks then all the short tax payment will be shown on the balance side of the balance sheet as deferred liabilities. Deferred tax amount is shown in the liabilities side of balance sheet will be considered as there is chances of paying tax amount to government in the future. Particular (AUD $ million) 2017 2016 Deferred tax liabilities 8.2 0 Answer 5 Current tax assets or income tax payable recorded by your company, This is the amount of tax payment charged on the profit of company. The current tax payable by company is AUD $ 4.9 million in 2016 which went up to AUD $ 9 million in 2017 (Elad, 2016). YES there is income tax payable recorded by JB Hi-Fi company with the amount of AUD $ 9 million. The company report income tax expenses in its income statement while income tax payable is the actual amount that the company owes in taxes, based on the rule of tax code. It appears on the balance sheet as a liability until the company actually pays the tax bill. In addition to this, deferred tax payment of company is AUD $ 8.5 million which have not been recognized by the company in that particular year. Particular(AUD $ in million) 2016 2017 Income tax payable 4.9 9 Why income tax expenses is not same as the income tax payable It is considered that Income tax expenses charged on profit of current years which is paid only on the current year profit. On the other hand, Income tax liabilities is the accumulation of outstanding tax expenses which covers all the past, present and future tax implication on the business of JB Hi-Fi company. Income tax expenses is the component of the profit and loss account and on other hand, income tax payable is part of the balance sheet. Answer 6 Cash flow statement is accompanied with the cash inflow and outflow of money in the particular year. Amount paid for income tax shown in cash flow statement is $98.5 million which includes all the tax payment by the company in current year. It may include tax payment related to past present and future tax implication of the company. On the other hand, income tax payment shown in the profit and loss account is the tax expenses charged on the profit and loss of company for the current year. Nonetheless, tax expenses paid and recorded in the profit and loss of the company is done as per the income tax rules AASB-122. On the other hand, cash flow statement reflects the total amount of cash outflow of income tax expenses recorded in the CFS of company. Income tax expenses shown in income statement are $ 86.8 million hence it is not the same. Income statement of company reflects the income and expenses of company occurred in the particular year. This amount is shown in the financial activi ties of cash flow of business. Therefore, after seeing the financial statement of company, it could be inferred that income tax expense shown in the income statement is not same as the income tax paid shown in the cash flow statement due the payment of income tax related to particular year and charged on the profit to the same year (Kundakchyan and Zulfakarova, 2014). Answer 7 Treatment of tax in your firms financial statements JB Hi-Fi Company has recorded its entire tax amount which is charged on the revenue as revenue expenses and shown in its income statement. Interesting thing about the recorded its entire tax a mount It is evaluated that JB Hi-Fi Company has recorded its all tax expenses on the basis of following proper IFRS rules and GAAP standards. The interesting thing about the recording of income tax payment by company in its books of account is done by considering its future and present implication of tax payment on the business (Laudon and Traver, 2013). Surprising thing about the recorded its entire tax a mount The main surprising thing about the JB Hi-Fi Company is related to blockage of funds in its business. It is evaluated that company has blocked more funds in its deferred tax payment which may increase the overall cost of capital and reduce the capital blockage in its business. This JB Hi-Fi Company is proactive in managing the tax payment by following double taxation avoidance agreement. It is considered that if company makes payment to government then with the same time, company reduce its deferred tax liabilities. Difficulty to understand It is evaluated that JB Hi-Fi Company has establish harmonization in its IFRS rules and GAAP standards while recording of its tax payment. It is considered that due to the complexity of the accounting rules and cumbersome recording process, it becomes hard for the stakeholders to bifurcate deferred tax payment and simple tax payment. After evaluating the IFRS rules, I have considered that I know all the rules and recording of tax payment then I could easily identify the areas which company could focus to reduce its tax payment. In addition to this, on the basis of this information, I could easily determine whether company is following proper corporate governance policies and frameworks to increase its overall outcomes. This level of understanding will help me to identify all the pros and cons of paying tax payment to government and its impact on the business efficiency of company. There is several tax planning methods which company should follow to reduce its tax burden and increase the efficiency of the business. In addition to this, company could also use the deferred tax payment to reduce its tax burden throughout the time. References Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R., 2017.International financial management. Cambridge University Press. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Cucchiella, F., DAdamo, I. and Gastaldi, M., 2015. Financial analysis for investment and policy decisions in the renewable energy sector.Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,17(4), pp.887-904. Cucchiella, F., Gastaldi, M. and Trosini, M., 2017. Investments and cleaner energy production: A portfolio analysis in the Italian electricity market.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, pp.121-132. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Dinnie, K., 2015.Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Draft, I.E., 2015. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.2015-05-01)[2015-07-20]. https://kjs. mof. gov. cn/zhengwuxinxi/gongzuotongzhi/201506 P. Elad, C., 2016. International Classification of Financial Reporting, Christopher W. Nobes. Routledge, Abington, UK (2014),(160 pages, 95), ISBN: 0415736935. Garrett, J., Hoitash, R. and Prawitt, D.F., 2014. Trust and financial reporting quality.Journal of Accounting Research,52(5), pp.1087-1125. JB HI-FI, 2017, annual report, Retrieved on 29th November, 2017 from https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/ASX_JBH_2016.pdf Kundakchyan, R.M. and Zulfakarova, L.F., 2014. Current issues of optimal capital structure based on forecasting financial performance of the company.Life Science Journal,11(6s), pp.368-371. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson.

Mr Khan free essay sample

Assume the room is well sealed and heavily insulated. 2. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. 2 and uses air as the working fluid. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 98 kPa and 27oC. The pressure is doubled during the constant-volume heat-addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air, (b) the net work output, (c) the thermal efficiency, and (d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle. . A gas turbine power plant uses solar energy as the source of heat addition (see Figure for detailed setup and operating data). Modelling the cycle as a Brayton cycle and assuming no pressure drops in the heat exchanger or interconnecting piping, determine: (a) the thermal efficiency; (b) the air mass flow rate, in kg/s, for a net power output of 500kW. 4. Steam is the working fluid in an ideal reheat Rankine cycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr Khan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Steam enters the first-stage turbine at 8. 0 MPa, 480oC, and expands to 0. 7 MPa. It is then reheated to 440oC before entering the secondstage turbine, where it expands to the condenser pressure of 0. 008 MPa. The net power output is 100 MW. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the mass flow rate of steam, in kg/h, (c) the rate of heat transfer out from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser, in MW. Discuss the effects of reheat on the vapor power cycle. NOTE: Do the problems in a systematic way. Include the units in the calculations. State any assumptions.

Talk review essays

Talk review essays I went to John McWhorter's lecture on "Getting Past Race" and did not know that his whole speach was going to be about hip-hop music and the idea of how this genre may be revolutionary. Rap music has had the youth of America in a trance so I was very interested in what he was going to say. John McWhorter is a very smart, interesting middle-aged black man. He did not seem to be one to advocate rap music, but he wasn't advocating it at all. McWhorter listens to all sorts of rap, from 50 Cent to Jay-Z to Mos Def and Talib Kwali. He enjoys the beats and the flow of the lyrics. He does not, however, see this type of music as anything more than fun. He does not see rap music as revolutionary at all although many hip-hop advocates view it as such. He then preceded to shoot down this theory. McWhorter asked "how can a song with such explicit lyrics be called revolutionary?" His meaning of revolutionary was not a change in the music industry, but instead political movements and racial upheavals. He described that he likes rap music, but does not feel that artists such as Eminem, Jay-Z, Outkast, or Talib Kwali are doing anything to stir up Washington. McWhorter explained how many people argue that although Jay-Z and Eminem produce fun music with no real politi cal agenda, different underground artists like Mos Def are causing ripples throughout politics and racial issues. McWhorter quickly shot this down. He says to take a closer look at the lyrics and you will see that there really is not much of a difference between Jay-Z and Mos Def. They both say the same things in their lyrics just in different styles or beats, and neither one is causing a movement in Washington. I completely agreed with everything McWhorter had to say. Although I am a big fan of rap music, nothing about it is revolutionary and none of it is causing a stir in Washington, nor provoking any political movement or racial upheavals, it is just ...

Individualism and Collectivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individualism and Collectivism - Essay Example Societies characterized as collectivist are commonly communist or communal societies. Democratic society is more or less based on individualism, and how as individuals we are all free to decide our own path and determine our own fates. These days, we all say that the individual has the right to decide how to live their own lives, and individuals, societies, or institutions should not be allowed to interfere. A common argument against individualism is that it is little more than selfishness or egotism. However, individualism is more about providing personal choices rather than explicitly providing benefit to individuals. Perhaps the most glaringly obvious downside to this is that the increasing emphasis on the importance of the individual has by necessity occurred in conjunction with de-emphasis on the importance of community. In deciding that we are free to determine our fates regardless of any other considerations, we have lost that feeling of community that used to be considered so important. Too many people have stopped believing they have any responsibility to their wider community, and this is reflected in increasing crime rates, especially of violent crime.

Ethical issues surrounding single women using sperm banks to become Research Paper

Ethical issues surrounding single women using sperm banks to become pregnant - Research Paper Example Approximately around eighty thousand such procedures are carried out annually and result in the birth of nearly thirty thousand babies. Moreover, by the 1990s, artificial insemination grew to become a $164 million industry and constituted 11,000 private physicians, 400 sperm banks and about 250 fertility centers (Gaines 1990). Sperm bank collects and stores up sperms from the sperm donors. Sperm donors are first examined for their medical health and then they can donate by way of masturbation. Sperms are then injected into the women’s uterus under the supervision of a qualified doctor or are used to produce an embryo using IVF or other reproductive techniques. (Balen, 2002) Many laws say that if the child is born using the sperms of the woman’s husband then he/she is the legal child of the husband. But laws regarding the child born through the sperms from a third party donor are not clear. Some believe that the child is supposed to be a lawful child of the mother and he r husband but few also presume the child to be illegitimate. Ethical issues associated with this process are looked upon and highlighted by many medical institutions and also nongovernmental organizations and lawmaking departments. This process raises many legal, medical and social concerns. However there are many positive features associated to using this technique as well. Both sides of the situation should be addressed in order to understand the concept better. Artificial insemination is wrongly assumed to be just targeted for infertile pairs. Whereas, it also serves as a platform for individual women who wish to enjoy the blessings of being a parent. This means that this procedure has become relatively popular among lesbian couples who wish to start a family for themselves. However they haven’t gathered support by diverse ethnicities and this further improvisation in their relationships tends to raise a new question and obstacle in their lives which in turn points many fi ngers on single parenthood.   The women interested in becoming a single parent see bright new horizons as the success rate of conceiving artificially is relatively higher than the failure rates. There are two types of artificial insemination, which includes intra-cervical insemination and intra-uterine insemination. These methods are ought to be less incursive as compared to other procedures on artificial fertilization. But since these methods of artificial insemination are largely unstructured or less regulated, they raise a significant amount of health and moral issues. (Araoye, 2003) This process raises moral issues related to the rights of individuals regarding the conditions of their birth. The identity of the donors and recipients are kept confidential. Parents also tend to hide from children about their identity. People who accidently get to know that they were conceived through artificial insemination often undergo agony and distress. That is way it is immoral to hide a pe rson’s birthright from him. Many doctors even do not keep records of the donors’ identity and their medical history because of which they are unable to trace information. Severe health issues also revolve around this artificial method of conception. Diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis risk the lives of the women and also the child that is supposes to be born with this method. Although it is important to have a complete medical checkup

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

American Literature - Essay Example Decisions were only done by men and they never recognized presence of women at all angles. The main character in this story is Sarah Penn, who is the wife of Adoniram Penn. According to the story, she has revolted against the intention of her husband to turn the outbuilding that was new into their family’s house. As the story proceeds, we realize that Adoniram, as the father of the home, is very hard working especially in farming. He is more obsessed and concerned with his cows that he forgets the promise he made to Sarah forty years ago about building a new family house. He is much involved in building barns and sheds for his animals, and forgets his family (Freeman 46). Sarah Penn is a woman who stayed in New England just around or before the time of the author. There are various incidences of many religious actions and symbols that have occurred due to Sarah or rather ‘Mother’ within this story. Through this story of Sarah, she moves from her husband’s servitude to the feel that she is serving the Lord and eventually this leads her to seizing power and control over her husband at the end of this story. From the beginning of the narrative, the religious overtones start ruling with the title â€Å"The Revolt of Mother†. The name ‘Mother’ in religious terms relates to a spiritual lady or woman and with this, we can start to predict the outcome. When their daughter Nanny is about to get married and Adoniram is not at home, Sarah does the unexpected: she moves into the new house, becomes obsessed and insane, and in her mind she knows that she is doing a very right thing. Her husband returns from another town where he had gone to buy a horse, and finds the situation that way. He swallows this bitterly and accepts the situation the way it is. This situation actually happens due to the stubbornness of Adoniram and his refusal to discuss anything with his wife. He refuses stalwartly to explain to his wife about

Market strategy of Nokia

Market strategy of Nokia This report concentrates on the performance of Nokia in the year 2009 and the strategies which led to the same. The report begins with a brief introduction of the company and follows with PEST-G and SWOT analysis for the same. In addition to this a competitor analysis has been done to compare Nokias performance to its competitors and thereby analyzing its market share. Nokia seems to outperform its competitors due to a larger market share it enjoys. As we go further, a more detailed discussion of its marketing strategies can be seen. Nokia faces more competition today than a few years ago. The invasion of Android operating systems are more preferred than Nokias Symbian operating system. Targeting, positioning and segmentation have been analysed on the basis of a few key models. The report finally concludes with the evaluation of these strategies adopted by Nokia and how effective they have been or will be in the future. INTRODUCTION Around 1.2 billion (17%) people in the world connect through Nokia every day thereby proving their claim of, Connecting People. Nokia is a public limited company that is listed on three stock exchanges: NYSE, FWB and OMX. Nokia was founded in 1865 on the banks of the Nokianvirta River in Finland to produce a product very different from what it is commonly known for. It evolved from manufacturing paper to rubber to cables to electronics and then finally the mobile phone. The company owes its diversification and entry into mobile communications to its former President and CEO, Jorma Ollila who decided in 1992 to capitalize on the potential of this upcoming and growing sector. He decided to move out of their other businesses to focus on the development of communication products which was more profitable than their other business ventures. (Nokia online) THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT Nokia is a multinational company headquartered in Finland. It employs a total of 123,553 people worldwide and sells its products in over 160 countries. Nokia has Research Development Departments in 16 countries with 17,196 employees. Its major markets are in China, India and UK. From 2008-09, Nokias market share increased in China but decreased in India and UK. The reason for its declining market shares is possibly due to increase in competitors in India and the markets already being saturated in UK. Nokia produces technological products like mobile phones and smart phones, mobile computers and networks. PEST-G Analysis Under this section, the environmental factors affecting Nokia will be highlighted. The Competition Nokias top competitors in mobile devices are Samsung, LG, RIM and Sony Ericsson but in its smart phones, they face competition from Apple and RIM. According to the 1Q reports in 2010 (table 1.1appendix), Nokia shows declining market share. Samsungs share increased in India, one of Nokias top markets. RIMs market share also went up while LG and Sony Ericssons market shares declined in value. (Gartner online) Nokia may enjoy the larger share of the market but being complacent may have its adverse effects on the firms profitability. The operating system Symbian used by Nokia is user-friendly but has very limited applications. Whereas, the operating system Android being adopted by most of its competitors is an open system that allows its users to have access to a large number of applications. Also, the operating systems of RIM and I-Phones are quickly eating up Nokias market share. The Company Increasing competition and saturation of markets is causing Nokias sales to decline causing a major decline in its profits. Source (Annual reports) Drawn on the basis of table 1.2 appendix In 2009, Nokia predicted slight improvement in their market share in 2010 but were faced with negative outcomes. According to the 3Q report of 2010, Nokias shares have fallen to about 30%.The downward trend of profits is of great concern to the company. (Total Tele online) Nokia is the manufacturer of mobile phones but it does not sell directly to its end users. It engages in transactions between businesses (B2B), for instance it sells its products to wholesalers and retailers locally and internationally. This allows Nokia to make higher volumes of transactions. This chain of distribution is explained in greater detail under the marketing mix. SWOT Analysis Nokias internal and external factors can be summarized as below Internal Strengths: Market Dominance: Its market share is more than its top 3 competitors combined Good brand name and brand loyalty Takes into account customer preferences Nokia ranks 41st in Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/snapshots/6652.html) Reliable good quality products Value for money and has good resale value Weaknesses: Playing catch up with its competitors failing to bring differentiated products with a high level of competitive advantage to the market It has failed to make a brand of their models. For example, there is Samsung Galaxy S, LG Chocolate, Apple I-phone while Nokia is still using serial numbers to name its models. Their market share is declining constantly due to lack of innovative products and failure to capture the first mover advantage Insufficient marketing as opposed to its competitors Their software Symbian is under great criticism EXTERNAL Opportunities: Emerging markets like India and China hold great potential Middle East and Northern African nations are potential markets New innovative products with high competitive advantage Secure weakening position by entering into contracts with network operators to expand market share Acquire better software systems Threats: Direct competitors and threat from companies not considered as competition Their software system is no match to the Android and I-Phone software. Recession Smart phones are not competitive enough Brand image weakening/boring image Imitation (fake) and cheap products claiming to be Nokia can damage brand Nokias Marketing Strategy Based on several similar characteristics Nokia can segment their market: Demographic Features: Age and Gender: Nokia products appeal to most age groups and are more unisex. They are now introducing mobile phones with vibrant colors that would appeal to women and also the younger generations Income: Low Eg- C-series and dual sim phones Middle to High -Eg- N-series, E-series, Communicators Very High Eg- Vertu Phones Occupation: Businessmen they need phones that look professional and have multiple features: 3G technology, web access on-the-go, support organizing functions and connecting with clients. The Nokia E-series, N-series and Communicators are targeted at satisfying certain needs of businessmen. Students social networking, gaming features, and music options are the eye-catching characteristics sought by this demographic class. The N-series and Xpress Music models are quite popular in this segment. Level of Education: The user-friendly aspect of Nokia phones makes it easy for even illiterates to operate the phones. For those who like to read and use their phones aside from their communication functions, the latest Nokia phones like the N900 and other smart phones would be of great interest to them. Behavioural and Psychographic: Benefits Sought: Most Nokia products provide its users value for money as they satisfy multiple needs. For instance the Xpress Music models not only allow you to stay connected but also keep you entertained with its walkman features. Usage: Suitable for heavy or light usage. Perception and Personality: Customers perceive Nokia as a reliable and user friendly brand. Varying models for different personalities and tastes. Targeting And Positoning After Nokia has segmented its market, they develop a differentiated strategy for different segments. They aim to increase their market share by catering to all the segments. Even though their history of past products show their suitability for all age groups, recently launched products seem to be targeting the younger generation with a high level of involvement in this field. Nokia alongside its competitors Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson offer its users a wide range of products at higher prices. They are able to charge such prices because of their brand image and benefits received by the customers in relation to the price they pay to obtain it. RIM and Apple also sell their products at high prices but they focus only on a narrow range of products. There strategy contradicts the former group as they focus on generating high revenues on the basis of the success of fewer product ranges. Nokia already enjoys a good position in relation to its competitors. Their brand is a self promoting tool. They like to market themselves as a brand that prioritizes its customers and adds value to their products. Nokia benefits by being an all-rounder in the manufacturing of mobile devices and the perception of being one of the best reliable brands in this industry. By supplying products of all ranges, low income to high income, professional to gaming, fancy to elegant, premium luxury to necessity the brand clearly displays its presence and dominance. MARKETING MIX The marketing mix consists of 4 elements (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), each of which will be discussed in detail below: Product No longer is the mobile phone a mere means to make phone calls but to perform more diverse functions like access the web, click photographs, share data, enjoy music, connect with friends through social networking sites, play games etc. Nokia manufactures a large number of differentiated handsets to cater to their wide and diverse target segments.Their products vary according to their features and serial numbers. They have successfully sold the Nokia C-series, N-series, E-series, Xpress Music models, Communicators and other mobiles with the power of their brand name. Recently they have launched the Ovi Stores which enable its users to download applications of their interest online. The most notable feature of the Ovi stores is their Ovi maps. In order to compete with their competitors, they are reducing their reliance on the Symbian operating system and developing models with the Maemo and Maego Operating Systems which are more open and allow users to develop their own games and share it with the rest of the world online. Product Life Cyle The N900 can be considered to be in its growth stage where the company has already reached its Break-Even-Point and is generating profits. Phones like the N97 and N91 have already matured and are generating constant returns and competing against its rivals. The Nokia Communicators are in the decline stages as the demand for older versions has fallen and competitors are offering better alternatives. In order to grow their market share, Nokia goes for product development i.e. launching new products in existing markets. Applying the BCG matrix (Boston Consulting Group), Nokia can be classified as the Cash Cows as they hold a greater share of the market but are not growing at the same pace as the growth of the market. As the market is growing, their share is reducing. This leads to implementing strategies to defend their position. Price Nokia adopts 2 pricing strategies. They price their products on the basis of: Market skimming technique i.e. setting high prices at the launch of the product and gradually reducing the prices when competitors enter the market. Competitors price they price their products more or less at the same price as their competitors. Place Nokia does not sell directly to its end users. It uses indirect channels through which it distributes its products to the mass population. They are engaged in Business-to-Business transactions. For example, Nokia sells their products to Sharaf DG, Axiom Mobiles, Jumbo, Jackys, etc in the UAE who then sell it to its end users. Promotion Nokia promotes itself mainly through advertising and sponsoring events. They use strong brand ambassadors like Priyanka Chopra and Shahrukh Khan in mass media advertising through Televisions. They develop effective and catchy advertisements where their brand name is the main selling point. Evaluation of Nokias Strategies Nokia has performed remarkably well in securing the position it enjoys today of being the market leader. But the real challenge they face is securing and maintaining this position. Being the dominant player, it should have been able to easily drive away the competition in the Smartphone market and grabbed the first mover advantage. Whereas it is playing catch up with RIMs BlackBerry and Apples I-Phone. Their efforts need to be more effective and their products more competitive as they have not been able to launch a product recently that can be classified as a paradigm shift. Conclusion: Nokia has performed well in the year 2009, however failure to overcome technologies of other smart phones can lead to a big damage to Nokia. Even though the brand name Nokia is sufficient to drive sales, the aggressive marketing and advertising strategies undertaken by its rivals can cause sufficient damage to their cash flows. Hence they need to focus more on not only advertising their brand but also their competitive advantages over its rivals. None the less, it is by far the most preferred brand of consumers according to a survey conducted in the UAE (Arabian business online) APPENDIX Table 1.1 Market Share of Top 5 Mobile Vendors from 2009-10 Table 1.2 Sales and Profit of Nokia for the past 5 years YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sales 34191 41121 51058 50710 40984 Profit 3616 4306 7205 3988 891

Will Fast Food be the Death of Us? Essay -- The Dark Side of Fast Food

The American food industry has evolved in ways that may not be distinguishable to the human palate, but hopefully remain distinguishable to the human conscience. With all the options now available to company executives, citizens must be sure to keep them from abusing their powers and continuing to harm employees, mistreat animals, and kill consumers. The best ways are to promote public discourse and to make the most of the power of the consumer by thoughtfully deciding where to spend their hard-earned dollars. To understand where the fast food industry is today, we must look at the technological advances that allowed it to reach that point. Technology has been an integral force in the rise of the fast food culture. In fact, it was a technological advancement that first brought the fast food industry to life. When the McDonald brothers opened-up their first restaurants, they served people and made a modest profit. However, one day a traveling salesman walked through their door and presented them with the opportunity to buy a machine that would enable them to make five milkshakes at one time. He also offered them the chance to buy other machines that would speed-up food production. Who was this traveling salesman? His name was Ray Kroc. Kroc later offered to buy the rights to the McDonald brother’s restaurants and the deal went through. Kroc outfitted the restaurants with technology that allowed for the mass production of its food. Like Henry Ford automated the automobile manufacturing industry, Ray Kroc can be considered the man who took restaurant food and made it fast food. The next major innovation to contribute to fast food’s development was the automobile. In the 1950s, when owning a car become comm... ...a/GMA0201Obsessed_with_Fast_food.html. Alternet. [2013]. Why Fast Food Costs Too Much. Web. 14 May 2015. http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15762. American RadioWorks (2012). Kill Them With Kindness Web. 7 May 2015. http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/mcdonalds/grandin1.html. American RadioWorks [2014]. Ethics Into Action Web. 10 May 2015. http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/mcdonalds/book.html. BBC. [2014]. Fast Food ‘as addictive as heroin.’ Web. 9 May 2015. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2707143.stm. Kluger, Jeffrey. "Inside the Food Labs." Time. 06 Oct. 2009: 56-60 Schlosser, Eric. (2002) Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: Perennial. Swanson, Ronald. [2013] E. Coli 0157: The Main Cause of Neurodegenerative Disease? Web. 21 May 2015. http://www.ecoli0157.com/ summary.html

Business Administration Level 2 NVQ Unit 1 Questions & Answers Essay

1.1 One of the key codes of practice, guidelines and procedures that are relevant to ones work is proper communication. Others are accepting responsibility for one’s own work and its delivery. Basically one should develop his/her own performance and act in a way that encourages effective working. 1.2 If you are an employee you are accountable to your employer. They have a right to see that your work is up to standard. You may also have a plan to fill in your working day. Companies have to work out costs, and one way to do this is too plan what work the employees will do. There is nothing wrong with this. Companies will charge out your time for each job. This is the norm for garages, engineers or any firm that has a contract rate for work. 1.3 If both sides agree then both sides are happy to fulfil their commitments. It also ensures that both sides understand the situation and what their targets are. 1.4 The targets must be realistic, so that the employee has a good chance of attaining them.  This lets him feel good about himself and allows him to work without stress.  If the targets are set too high, the employee will always be under pressure to do the impossible, will feel a failure and have a dissatisfied boss. 1.5 The first thing to do is to prioritize your work. That is, place the most important job at the top; the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, you need to do several things: (1) you need to determine what is required. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. (2) You need to figure out what is required 1.6 It is important to keep other people informed about progress because it will helps them know the targets already achieved and what they are to  achieve. This will helps them set up their objectives in order to meet their targets. Furthermore, it avoids duplication of tasks and also promotes motivation among the team players. 1.7 Allows people to be better prepared for work, mentally, physically and tools-wise. It is respectful of the other person’s time to give him or her a good idea of what and how you want them to do something and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you inform others involved of the changes to these plans. 1.8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are: – computer crashing – work not getting saved – power cuts – photocopier runs out of toner – photocopier runs out paper. 1.9 The ways of seeking assistance with getting help to resolve problems is speaking to someone understanding e.g. Supervisor/Manager and explaining the situation to them in a polite and calm manor and finding a solution to the problem. 1.10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes is realising in order not to make the same mistake again, taking the advice given as a learning curve and developing knowledge about something new and different.

College Funding essays

College Funding essays As a young college student you have many avenues available for funding your formal education but none will be as satisfying as maintaining paying a position whether it is full-time or part-time. While there are several sacrifices for obtaining a job and going to school simultaneously there are many more rewards that will follow. Many students would like to not work while they are in school but most have financial obligations that require them to. On the other hand there are a few students that do not have to or need to work, most cases being that their parents either saved for their college education or their parents did not need to save due to their financial prosperity. Some students and parents look at working and going to school as a negative circumstance but nothing could be further from the truth. By maintaining a job while you are in college you are increasing your likelihood of being employed after graduation. Students that rely on their wealthy parents to put them through college are in some ways very fortunate because they then have the ability to solely focus on their studies without having to juggle both work and school. In the same thought, those students who do not have to worry about financial obligations would most likely come across to some as being carefree and maybe some would even think that they are not mature enough to take on the responsibility of their own finances. Through their parents these students have access to the finer things in life without having to work for them, which in some ways re-enforces the lack of work ethic among this group of students. As long as their parents are involved in their lives they will not have to work to truly earn something that they want. Without work experience these students of wealthy parents can have all the money in the world and all the degrees imaginable but without prior work experience the chances of them landing a job over someone that has held a ...

The 6 Hardest Interview Questions of 2016

The 6 Hardest Interview Questions of 2016 According to the Five O’Clock Club, the days of â€Å"So, do you have any questions for us?† are over. Interviewers are getting much more devious in the questions they’re asking candidates to get them thinking outside the box. Sometimes tough interview questions can mean a higher job satisfaction rating later on. Here are some of the hardest interview questions from 2015 and what you might expect in 2016: 1. â€Å"How much would you charge to wash all the windows in Seattle?†Questions like this are designed to see how quickly and well you think on your feet. Will you go the long road and try to estimate how many windows there are in all of Seattle? Or fire back a fixed price per window or per hour? Either way, be sure to explain your thought process to your interviewer, as that’s what your interviewer is most interested in hearing.SEE ALSO:  How Would You Answer This Crazy Interview Question?2. â€Å"Explain a database to your eight-year-old neph ew.†This is a Google standby to see if you can translate tech speak into normal-person speak. Especially if you’ll be interacting with clients, it’s crucial to be able to explain what you do in plain English. Keep it short and sweet and clear.3. â€Å"What did you have for breakfast?†This is a double punch of catching you off-guard and seeing whether you’ll fit in. If it’s a granola crowd and you had bacon-wrapped sausages for breakfast, you might be in trouble. The best strategy is just to be yourself. It’s better to fit in somewhere else than work in a climate that doesn’t suit you.4. â€Å"Describe the color yellow to someone who is blind.†How creative are you? Are you sensitive? Able to express the abstract and think outside the box? This is a test of your wits and your insight, but if you train yourself to look at things from multiple angles, you’ll be better prepared for this kind of question.5. â€Å"If you sat down at your desk and found 1,000 emails in your inbox but you could answer only 300 of them, how would you choose?†What are your priorities? How do you triage under fire? Are you organized? Do you have the right sense of what’s important to the company? The best answer is usually that you’d prioritize emails from your biggest client, your boss, or anything super-important or time-sensitive. Everything else can wait.6. â€Å"Tell me about a time when you had a disagreement with your manager. How was it resolved?†This is actually a classic question, but always a good one to prepare for. Don’t bad-mouth anyone, least of all your former boss. Simple  give a bit of context, keep your cool, and breeze past it to show that you’re not afraid of conflict, and  you’re able to be mature and keep on moving forward.

English Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Law - Essay Example 80). In the past, the monarch’s signiture (a.k.a. Royal Assent) is required in passing a statutory law. Today, the Royal Assent is treated as some form of constitutional formality. A bill is actually referring to a â€Å"draft statute† (Faragher, 2010, p. 80). Before a bill can passed into law, the bill will first be reviewed by the Members of the Parliament (MPs) (i.e. the House of Commons) to check whether or not there are some amendments to be done on the bill (Appelbe and Wingfield, 2009, pp. 4 – 5). During the second reading, further debate and amendemtns will be made before the bill can reach the committee and report stage. As part of the third reading, the bill will be re-presented to the House for a brief discussion and minor changes before it will be transferred tot he House of Lords. After the House of Lords have received the bill, it will be given back to the House of Commons for the approval of amendments (Jones, 2011, pp. 46 – 47). If the bill passess both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the bill will immediately obtain the Royal Assent or the monarch’s signature before it will finally become a law (Jones, 2011, p. 47; Faragher, 2010, p. 80; Appelbe and Wingfield, 2009, p. 5). (See Figure I – Summary of Stages of the Bill on page 3) Figure I – Summary of Stages of the Bill Source: Jones, 2011, p. ... ntire United Kingdom whereas private acts are referring to laws that can be used to regulate the obligations and rights of each person and a corporate body (Faragher, 2010, p. 80). Since the 20th century, the number of statutes that were successfully passed into law has significantly increased. The purpose of this report is to examine the truth on whether or not the modern UK law on commercial property tenants are statute based. To give the readers a better understanding of this topic, the basic idea behind the UK land ownership practices will first be tackled followed by discussing that the modern UK law on commercial property tenants are very much heavily based on a statutory law. Since the purpose of this report is to examine the truth on whether or not the modern UK law on commercial property tenants are statute based, several real-life cases will be presented in this study as a concrete basis to the argument that the modern UK law on commercial property tenants can still be base d on a statutory law. Discussion The land ownership in UK is classified as either private property, state land, or coomunal or third sector (Fuller, Jonas and Lee, 2010, p. 243). Unlike in other countries, roughly one-sixth (1/6) of the land area throughout the United Kingdom are actually owned by the state (Home, 2009). Furthermore, the UK government reserves the right to guarantee land ownership of private property. Therefore, after seeking approval from the UK administration, the British nationals who wanted to purchase land in this country is possible either via leasehold or a freehold (Home, 2009; Foukona, 2007). In England and Wales, information related to land ownership is handled by the Land Registry of England and Wales (LREW) whereas the Registers of Scotland and the Land

Exemplification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Exemplification - Essay Example The court’s decision to exempt a student wearing a nose stud, stating the effective day to day running of the school would not affected (Lenta, par. 1). The government’s concern in implementing anti-discrimination laws devoid of immunity seems far stronger. A declaration for release from anti-discrimination laws looks in one respect more directly to look like the claim in Christian Education in South Africa versus The Ministry of Justice. In Christian education, the right of a learner not to undergo physical punishment at the hands of teachers was held to assist the wish of religious teachers to impose physical punishment in agreement with their spiritual convictions. The rationale behind the law banning unjust discrimination aims to guard all peoples’ right to equality, a basic right. In cases where religious groupings take on work-related discrimination on grounds banned to profitable enterprises draw little antagonism. In South Africa, anti-discrimination law forbids work-related discrimination on forbidden grounds, for example, sexual orientation, gender, race, and religion (Lenta, par. 2). However, in at least one circumstance churches should be allowed to discriminate. They should be permitted to apply religious standards in the selection of entrants for appointment to sacerdotal office. Nevertheless, the right of churches to keep on work-related prejudice on barred grounds does not stop there. Many are apologetic for the keeping out of women from the Catholic priesthood. People who have given consideration to the issue concur that anti-discrimination laws should not be summoned to stop this gender bias. This is because anti-discrimination laws should not be applied to stop such bias. Religious groups have a right to control their own dealings in accordance with the beliefs of members via their churches. Thus, freedom of religion as well as associational independence stresses as much (Lenta, par.

Research proposal and outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research proposal and outline - Essay Example Her actions and physical features and traits are antithesis for the low regard accorded her and seems to be purposely taken cared of to spite her husband for his utter disregard for her existence. The unfair and unequal treatment for women during that time is an interesting topic given that the tragic outcome of the novel could be interpreted as a consequence of Curley’s wife needing to be acknowledged and respected as a productive member of society. Since she felt disregarded and neglected, she opted to find ways and means to solicit positive response from men through deliberately flirting with them, dressing provocatively, and seeking attention and acquaintances from men whose perceived status in society equal hers. The main research to be explored is the status of women in America in the 1930s. A wealth of secondary references could verify, support and validate the contentions of comparative similarities with those depicted by Curley’s wife in the novel. Various feminist movements, whose enlightenment on inequality issues which started in the 1920s could be researched as a theoretical framework to rationalize Curley’s wife’s actions. In this regard, possible sub-questions that can be further researched are: (1) what are the significant effects of oppression in women during the period under study? (2) What have women done to enforce rights and equality to fare on parallel grounds with men? (3) Have significant changes in women’s role brought more benefits to society in contemporary times? Some preliminary ideas about the types of sources one proposed to use to gather information would be from history books, journals and academic published reports written by historians and academicians. The electronic sources are replete with authoritative references that could support arguments and validate conclusions, as required. The

Trait Theory Essay Example for Free

Trait Theory Essay As I began the process of preparing for this week’s assignments and I noticed that a great deal of emphasis was being put on personality trait testing, I have to say I was a little bit nervous as I have never really put much stock into those particular types of tests being very accurate. But after reading chapters 7 and 8 in our text Personality: Theory and Research, the article on Gordon Allport, and most specifically taking the self monitoring test myself and comparing the results given to what I already believed to be true about myself, I now have a better understanding about how these tests, along with an ability to gauge and monitor consistent patterns of behavior, feelings and thought (Cervone Pervin, 2013, p. 232) can be a valuable tool in not only a scientific setting but in gaining self awareness. I am writing this paper as a means of sharing my insights about personality trait theories as well as how these theories might help an individual gain insight into their relationships with themselves and others. I will also discuss the relationship between personality trait theories, psychoanalytic and humanistic theories and which of these are more effective in explaining human behavior. One of the largest insights I have gained through my research this week is the knowledge of the beliefs of Gordon Allport. His suggestion that the individual self is composed of the aspects that humans feel are the most essential interests me (Boeree, 2006). By breaking down those aspects into seven separate functions, which include, sense of body, self-identity, self-esteem, self-extension, self-image, rational coping, and propriate striving (Boeree, 2006), Allport developed a means to better explain where human motives derive from. As we attempt to gain a firmer grasp on our ability to improve our relationships with friends, family and the people we interact with on a daily basis, as well as a better understanding of our own personality strengths and weaknesses, we gain needed insight by studying personality trait theories. This gives us a better understanding of important areas that are key to healthy relationships. Two of those areas are communications and expectations. What we expect to receive from our relationships with others and how we communicate those expectations are vital in determining whether those relationships flourish or not. Our personality type has a great impact on both of those areas so it is important to be aware of our traits, what to build on, and what to work on letting go of. One of the main differences between the personality trait theories and the other theories we have studied thus far, such as psychoanalytic and humanistic theories, is that the personality trait theory approach individual’s differences. Trait theory seems to be more focused on measuring an individual’s personality characteristics and less focused on generalized behavior on average. I believe that the trait theory falls short of the humanistic theory in many ways, but in particular, it doesn’t seem to give as good a glimpse into how we develop the most basic of our personality traits. It also lacks in its ability to be as accurate a predictor of future behavior. In my opinion, trait theory seems to be more of a tool to put a name on certain aspects of our personality, while the humanistic theory gives us a better understanding of our personality. In conclusion, I hope that I have included in this paper a thorough description of the information I have gained through my excursion through this week’s learning resources. My goal was to give you my opinion on the differences between trait theory and the other personality theories we have studied and how important it is to be able to not only learn as much as we can about why we act the way we do, but to learn how to react differently in the future. I now believe that, through better understanding of the many different theories discussed in this course and not developing and one tracked mind, this can be accomplished. References: Cervone, D., Pervin, L.A. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Boeree, C.G. (2013). Personality theories: Gordon Allport. Retrieved September 22, 2013 from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/allport.html

How Emotional Intelligence Contributes To Leadership

How Emotional Intelligence Contributes To Leadership The purpose of this report is to examine how emotional intelligence significantly contributes to effective leadership. Given the dimensions of emotional intelligence, the focus is made on how the current management can utilize the knowledge of emotional intelligence to steer organizations to sustainable growth. This is motivated by the fact that through emotional intelligence, leaders inspire and attract positive change by making people believe in them. When people believe in leaders, this is the departure for successful management. Motivation can give encouragement to everyone for their task. It also helps to motive peoples life that they can be active and enthusiastic that they can lead with their members as a leader who has a responsibility. Empathy describes a deep understanding according to emotional reaction of other people so they share their mind for others to understand as a leader who consider and care of members. Social skills are included in communication which indicates relationship with others so people can share their common ground and build their familiarity in society. It is clear that emotional intelligence has an effect in leadership. Emotional intelligence has five components to get benefits in leadership. Every dimension is based on peoples mind that leadership can be used with true mind of leader like self-awareness, self-management, motivation, empathy and social skills. Those components have different abilities which can lead others. Leadership is a way of harmony of organization. It is not forced and not passive. This paper has examined the role of emotional intelligence in shaping leadership and it is recommended that; good leaders know how to read and use their emotions positively to mentor and motivate employees. Table Contents Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 3 1.2 Aim 4 1.3 Scope 4 2.0 Self- a weakness 4 3.0 Self-management 5 4.0 Self-motivation 5 4.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of motivation 5 4.2 Example of effect ion 5 5.0 Empathy Social skill 6 5.1 Way of ability 6 5.2 Understanding of mind 6 5.3 Benefits of social skill 6 5.4 Relation between social skill and motivation 6 6.0 Conclusions 6 7.0 Recommendations 7 Reference 7 1.0 Introduction The nature of the organization leadership plays a critical role in shaping the performance and sustainable growth of employees. Many schools of thought have therefore argued that leaders are born and made while others argue that leaders are only born and not made. However, looking at leadership in a holistic view, the concept of emotional intelligence comes into the fore (Payne and Huffman, 2005). The ability of one to be able to read and positively use the emotional attachments to influence, motivate and nurture people. The inherent character to attract people and command authority using feeling- is what defines leadership through emotional intelligence. In an attempt to examine the role of leadership through emotional intelligence, the paper will extensively assess the extent at leadership through emotional intelligence correlates with daily management issues and human resource development. 1.1 Background information Leadership is always a challenging role both at personal level and organization level. That why in major cases; intensive training to develop the acquired skills of stress management, sociology, and counselling is very vital. However, more importantly, it has been observed that naturally there are people who were born with very unique inherent traits that favour one to lead. These traits include but not limited to motivation, empathy, considerate, calmness, humility, command of authority among others (Goleman, McKee Boyatzis, 2002). Interestingly, these so called soft skills are centralized within the concept of Emotional intelligence. By example; one is said to be emotionally intelligent when is able to refrain from hunger when confronted; refrain from violence when confronted to; refrain from abusive language when pushed to- but instead in these entire scenarios act in a manner that will instead win the favour of the opponent. This is the nature of leadership that the world is urg ently in need for. Most organizations are very keen to acquire emotionally intelligent leaders. Leadership by emotional intelligence is the most desirable due to its key components of self-awareness, motivation, self-management as well as the social skills. These are key ingredients in attracting partners, managing people, skilful in decision making and ability to impact to the larger community as well as conflict resolution in work set up. 1.2 Aim The major aim of this paper is to report on how the traits of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self- management, self-control, social awareness and empathy) significantly contribute to effective leadership in organizations. Noting that it imperative to appreciate the role and coexistence of an entire management team, it is the leaders who coordinates the team efforts to bear results. Through emotional intelligence leaders are able to balance between personal interest and conflicts with organizational objectives and draw rational objective decision that favour both parties. Additionally, this report will also recommend the best mode to shape individuals in developing emotional intelligence leadership (Mintzberg and Gosling, 2002). 1.3 Scope Leadership touches on almost all the areas of our lives. More importantly, is the question of whether there is deep entrenchment of emotional intelligence in the key decisions made. Management of organizations presents a key challenge to the real application of emotional intelligence leadership. As a leader (CEO) of a company, self awareness and social control is very applicable is achieving successful leadership. Touching on personal life is equally important aspect of achieving self-awareness, and self management. Socialization both within the organization and public fora is among the key ingredients that shape ones ability to develop emotional intelligence. 2.0 Self- a weakness This is the most important aspect of leadership since it is undoubtedly expected one should lead by example. It motivating employees and team to follow a particular management dimension, one is expected to be well versed and able to undertake the same. By example, most of corporate leaders take part in corporate social responsibility such as sports, giving day, donation programmes so that through that awareness leaders are able to motivate and attract people. If one is high tempered, the realization of the fact that he/she cannot withstand confrontation is a key step in managing ones emotions and thereby avoiding conflicts or practicing to be calm under confrontation (Raelin, 2004). This is a key step toward self- a weakness. If one realizes that through emotional speech, people respond and win over then this is key steps toward self- a weakness hence drive towards emotional intelligence leadership. 3.0 Self-management Leaders are expected to be organized and directive in their own life. Managers for example are expected to be neat, well dressed as a reflection of self ethic and organization. In this case, directing employees to adopt particular directive will be an additional motivation hence easy to execute. Is a leader able to manage time? For managers who report early in their workplace, it is a clear motivation among the junior staff to equally come earlier and automatically adopts the leadership style without formal enforcement. In simple terms, as a leader, the extent of self management attracts, motivates and nurture people around you. This is what emotional intelligence leadership is all about. 4.0 Self-motivation 4.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of motivation Motivation can lead leaders to expect better results than working without motivation because they can make an effort when they have their selected goal. By having a motivation, people expect their achievement when they go through conflicts and difficulties so it can be positive behaviour for them. 4.2 Example of effect ion If leaders are in negative mood, they will not be able to manage others, for example, people who just care of task which just assigned from others and just follow other people. They are lack of motivation because they do not practice spontaneously. If they get motivation, they will challenge for aiming to get their achievement. Anand (2010) states this factor is related to self-awareness because when leaders they realise their own personality they can recognize what they really need that motivation can be found in this situation. As condition of leader, capable leadership regards as the most important component. Clarke (2010) states emotional intelligence indicates some relationship with leadership. This ability can encourage others to achieve in their field. It also can adjust balance of mood. Well-managed performance can be influenced in task and it can enhance ability that it makes rational outcome so it causes effective mood and emotion at work. 5.0 Empathy Social skill 5.1 Way of ability Empathy is the ability to share their mind that can be done with deep understanding. Understanding other peoples mind will be concerned as a way of management. It is an important point to be a leader. 5.2 Understanding of mind Leadership is to lead others that they should realise thoroughly. They also should be enthusiastic and active because they can encourage and give energy when they feel positive, for example, sharing the true mind is important to sense how others are feeling. It is beneficial both of them. They can see what they need. Empathy is likely to be helpful for someone who feels sad and has negative idea. When other people cannot concentrate on work because of other problem, leaders can adjust their problem by handling together with them but leaders should not control whole thing because they cannot solve the problem independently. They will rely on leaders without any enthusiasm about their work. These all emotional intelligences are related to ability of leadership. 5.3 Benefits of social skill Social skills will be likely to get motivation. Social skill is based on communication because people can look for their result by discussion with others. In this process, communication will be allowed to use. Clarke (2010) states this social skill helps leaders to prepare for management so they can notice what they have to prepare by talking with others and they can lead others in appropriate way, for example, making friends is helpful for each one in society. People can share what they think. 5.4 Relation between social skill and motivation They can handle emotional reactions from others and can lead others to get effectiveness. If they do not have connection each other, they cannot be a good leader even though managers are outstanding and diligent because they have personality which is not good at social skill. Components of emotional intelligence are necessary for leadership effectiveness. 6.0 Conclusions In the ability of leadership, leaders need to manage and encourage others so emotional intelligence describes about five components which help leaders to prepare themselves. Self-awareness is the understanding of mind by people. Leaders can manage when they are completely able to recognise themselves. They also can realise the needs of requirement. Self-management is also related to self-awareness but management is the ability to control their mood that they can regulate themselves. Motivation is ultimately necessary for leadership because people usually think of their objective that if they select their goal they will focus on successful achievement. Ability of empathy is helpful to someone face with difficulties. Uncomfortable feeling prevent peoples task so leaders need to provide empathic mind to others for encouragement. Social skills are one of the important components. People usually open their mind when they think they have common senses and they are close. To solve this prob lem, managing and building relationship is important to understand others for leaders. 7.0 Recommendations The entire report has extensively reflected on the role of emotional intelligence enhances effective leadership. Given the nature of diverse leadership exposure within organizations, it is recommending that; In an effort to develop strong management team, organizations should invest in training and retraining of employees to ensure they acquire the additional skills such as financial risk management skills, information management technology so as to be able to adapt to the ever emerging challenges in organizations. Self expression is very important is shaping ones emotional intelligence. It is therefore important that senior leaders nurture future leaders (junior staff) through allowing self expression and socialization.