Business Continuity Planning

Though interruptions to business can be due to major natural disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes and storms; or due to man-made disasters such as wars, terrorist attacks and riots; it is usually the more mundane and less sensational disasters such as power failure, equipment failure, theft and sabotage that are the causes behind disruptions to business.A Business Continuity Plan or â€Å"Continuity of Business Planning (CoB Plan) †¦ defines the process of identification of the applications, customers (internal & external) and locations that a business plans to keep functioning in the occurrence of such disruptive events, as well the failover processes & the length of time for such support. This encompasses hardware, software, facilities, personnel, communication links and applications† (MphasiS, 2003).A Business Continuity Plan is formulated in order to enable the organization to recover from a disaster with the minimum loss of time and business by restoring its critical operations quickly and smoothly. The Business Continuity Plan should be devised in such a way that it involves not only the recovery, resumption and maintenance of only the technology components but also of the entire business. Recovery of only the ICT systems and infrastructure may not always imply the full restoration of business operations.The Business Recovery Planning at XE therefore envisages the consideration of all risks to business operations that may include not only ICT applications and infrastructure but also directly impact on other business processes. After conducting an extensive Business Impact Analysis (BIA), Risk Assessment for XE was carried out by evaluating the assumptions made in BIA under various threat scenarios. Threats were analyzed on the basis of their potential impact to the organization, its customers and the financial market it is associated with.The threats were then prioritized depending on their severity. The following threats were identifi ed for XE: 1. Natural disasters such as floods, fires, storms, earthquakes, extreme weather, etc. 2. Man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks, wars and riots. 3. Routine threats that include: a. Non-availability of critical personnel b. Inaccessibility of critical buildings, facilities or geographic regions c. Malfunctioning of equipment or hardware d. Inaccessibility or corruption of software and data due to various reasons including virus attacks e. Non-availability of support servicesf. Failure of communication links and other essential utilities such as power g. Inability to meet financial liquidity requirements, and h. Unavailability of essential records. Organizing the BCP Team The first and most important step in developing a successful disaster recovery plan is to create management awareness. The top-level management will allocate necessary resources and time required from various areas of the organizations only if they understand, realize and support the value of disast er recovery. The management has to also accord approval for final implementation of the plan.The BCP team therefore has to have a member from the management who can not only provide the inputs from the management but also apprise the management and get its feedback. Besides these, each core or priority area has to be represented by at least one member. Finally, there has to an overall Business Continuity Plan coordinator who is responsible not only for co-ordination but also for all other aspects of BCP implementation such as training, updating, creating awareness, testing, etc. The coordinator usually has his or her own support team.XE’s Business Continuity Planning team would therefore comprise representatives from the management and each of the core or priority areas, and would be held together by the BCP coordinator. Even in the case of outsourcing of the BCP, it is necessary for the management and nominated members from the core or priority areas to be closely associated with each step of the planning process. Crucial Decisions The key decisions to be made in formulating the Business Continuity Plan for XE were associated with the individual steps that were undertaking in making the BCP.The first step of Business Impact Analysis (BIA) involved making a work flow analysis to assess and prioritize all business functions and processes including their interdependencies. At this stage, the potential impact of business disruptions was identified along with all the legal and regulatory requirements for XE’s business functions and processes. Based on these, decisions on allowable downtime and acceptable level of losses were taken. Estimations were made on Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs), Recovery Point Objectives (RPOs) and recovery of the critical path.The second step of Business Continuity Planning comprised of risk assessment during which business processes and the assumptions made in the course of BIA were evaluated using various threat scenario s. The decisions made at this stage included the threat scenarios that were to be adopted, the severity of the threats and finally identification the risks that were to be considered in the BCP based on the assessments made. The next step of Risk Management involved drawing up of the plan of action with respect to the various risks.This was the stage at which the actual Business Continuity Plan was drawn up, formulated and documented. Crucial decisions such as what specific steps whould be taken during a disruption, the training programs that should be organized to train personnel in implementation of the BCP, and the frequency of updating and revisions that would be required were taken at this stage. Finally, in the Risk Monitoring and Testing stage, decisions regarding the suitability and effectiveness of the BCP were taken with reference to the initial objectives of the Business Continuity Plan. Business Rules and System Back-upsMy friend works for the Motor Vehicles department t hat issues driving licenses for private and commercial vehicles. Applicants for any license initially come and deposit a fee. The particulars of the specific applicant along with photograph and biometrics in the form of finger prints are then entered into the database. Thereafter, the applicant undergoes a medical test, the results of which are again entered into the database of the system. If approved in the medical test, the applicant has to appear for an initial theoretical test on driving signs and rules and regulations.If the applicant passes the test, he or she is given a Learner’s License. The applicant then comes back for the practical driving test after a month, and is awarded the driving license if he or she is able to pass the test. New additions are made to the database of the driving license system at every stage of this workflow. Though the tests for the learner’s license and driving license are held three days in a week, an individual can apply any day o f the five working days of the department. People also come for renewal of driving licenses.Driving licenses are usually issued for a period of one to five years depending on the age and physical condition of the applicant. In the case of commercial vehicles, an applicant first has to obtain a trainee driving license and work as an apprentice driver for two years before he or she becomes eligible for a driving license to drive a commercial vehicle. Moreover, a commercial driving license is issued only for a year at time, and the driver has to come back for evaluation and medical tests every year.The number and frequency of transactions are therefore much higher for commercial vehicles. As is evident from the business rules of the department, data is added and modified frequently for a specific applicant during the process of the initial application. Subsequently, data is again added to or the database modified after an interval of one month for the same applicant. Thereafter, fresh data is added to the database or the database modified only after a period of five years when the applicant comes back for renewal.However, there is always the possibility that someone loses or misplaces his or her license and comes back to have a duplicate issued. But when the scenario of multiple applicants who can come in at any day for fresh, duplicate or renewal of licenses is considered, it becomes evident that transactions are not periodic or time bound but are continuous. Transactions can happen any time during working hours resulting in changes to the database of the system. Taking only complete backup of the system would not be the optimal backup solution under the given circumstances.Whatever frequency of complete backup is adopted, the chance of losing data will be very high in the case of database failure or any other disastrous event that results system failure or corruption. Moreover, taking complete backup of the system very frequently would be a laborious and cumber some exercise. The ideal backup method in this case would be incremental backup in which backup is taken of only the data that is added or modified the moment it is added or modified, and a complete backup is taken at a periodic frequency.Under the situation, the Motor Vehicles Department has opted for continuous incremental backup with a complete backup taken at the end of the day. As a Business Continuity Plan measure, the department uses a remote backup mirroring solution that provides host-based, real-time continuous replication to a disaster recovery site far away from their servers over standard IP networks. This mirroring process uses continuous, asynchronous, byte-level replication and captures the changes as they occur. It copies only changed bytes, therefore reducing network use, enabling quicker replication and reducing latency to a great extent.This remote mirroring solution integrates with the existing backup solutions, and can replicate data to perform remote backups a nd can take snapshots at any time without having any impact on the performance of the production severs. It replicates over the available IP network, both in LAN and WAN, and has been deployed without any additional cost. This remote mirroring solution accords the department the maximum possible safeguard against data loss from failures and other disasters. Database Processing Efficiency versus Database Storage EfficiencyThough storage costs as such has decreased dramatically over the years, the controversy between database processing efficiency and database storage efficiency continues to be an issue because the overall performance of a systems is affected by the way data is stored and processed. In other words, even though the volume of storage space available may no longer be a constraint financially and physically, the way this space is utilized has an impact on the database processing efficiency which in turns affects the overall performance of the application or the system.Und er the present circumstances, though it is possible to compromise on the side of database storage efficiency to derive greater database performance efficiency and thus improve the overall performance of the system, achieving optimization of the overall performance of a system requires striking a fine balance between database processing and database storage efficiency. There can be many tradeoffs between data processing speed and the efficient use of storage space for optimal performance of a system. There is no set rule on which tradeoffs to adopt, and differs according to the practical data creation, modification and flow of the system.Certain broad guidelines can however be followed in order to increase the overall utility of the database management system. Examples of such guidelines are to be found in the case of derived fields, denormalization, primary key and indexing overheads, reloading of database and query optimization. Derived fields Derived field are the fields in which data is obtained after the manipulation or operation of two or more original fields or data. The issue at stake is whether the data should be stored only in the original form or as the processed data in derived field also.When the data is stored only in the original form, the derived field is calculated as and when required. It is obvious that storing derived data will require greater storage space but the processing time will be comparatively less i. e. storage efficiency will be low whereas processing efficiency becomes higher. However, the decision on whether to store derived fields or not depend on other considerations such as how often the calculated data is likely to change, and how often the calculated data will be required or used. An example will make will serve to make matters more clear.A university student’s grade point standing is a perfect example of the derived field. For a specific class, a student’s grade point is obtained by multiplying the points cor responding to the grade of the student by the number of credit hours associated with the course. The points or the grade and the number of credit hours are therefore the original data, by multiplying which we get the grade point or the derived field. The decision on whether to store the derived field or not, will in this case depend on how often the grade point of a student is likely to change, and how often the student’s grade points are actually required.The grades of a student who has already graduated is unlikely to undergo nay more changes, whereas the grades of a student still studying in the university will change at regular frequency. In such a case, storing the grade points of an undergraduate would be more meaningful than storing the grade points of a student who has already graduated. Again if the undergraduate’s grades are reported only once a term, then it may not be worth it to store grade points as derived fields. The significance of the matter is realiz ed when we consider a database of thousand of students.The tradeoff in this case is between storing the grade points as derived fields and gaining on database processing efficiency and losing out on database storage efficiency on one hand; and not storing the derived fields and gaining on storage efficiency but losing out processing efficiency on the other. Denormalization Denormalization is a process by which the number of records in a fully normalized database can be considerably reduced even while adhering to the rule of the First Normal Form that states that the intersection of any row with any column should result in a single data value.The process of cutting down multiple records into a single record is applicable only in certain specific cases in which the number and frequency of transaction is known. Normalization of a database is required to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the data which in turn leads to validity of the reports generated by the system and the reliabi lity of the of the decisions based on the system. Denormalization, if done randomly can upset the balance of the database while economizing on storage space. The dilemma of Indexing Unplanned use of primary key has a telling negative affect on the database storage efficiency.Many database systems resort to setting index on a field. When a field is index, the system sets a pointer to that particular field. The pointer helps in processing the data much faster. However, indexing fields also results in the system storing and maintaining data but also information or data about the storage. The question therefore again boils down to deciding on whether to achieve higher processing efficiency by compromising storage efficiency or to enable higher storage capabilities at the cost of processing efficiency.Sorting the data periodically is one way of overcoming the dilemma of indexing. However, sorting itself is highly taxing on the resources of a system. Moreover, in large organizations with millions of data, a sort may take even up to hours during which all computer operations remain suspended. Other factors Storage efficiency and processing efficiency are also interdependent in other ways. The deletion of data without reloading the database from time to time may result in the deleted data actually not being removed from the database.The data is simply hidden by setting a flag variable or marker. This results not only in low storage efficiency but also in low processing efficiency. Reloading a database removes the deleted data permanently from the database and leads to smaller amount of data and a more efficient use if resources thereby boosting processing efficiency. Similarly, haphazard coding structures can impact negatively both on the storage efficiency and the processing efficiency of a database. Completely ignoring storage efficiency while prioritizing processing efficiency, can never lead to database optimization.Conversely, optimization can also never be achie ved by an over emphasis on storage efficiency. The objective is to strike the right balance. The interrelationships between database storage efficiency and database processing efficiency therefore keep the controversy between the two alive in spite of a dramatic decrease in storage costs over the years. References -01 MphasiS Corporation, 2003, MphasiS Disaster Recovery/Business Continuity Plan, [Online] Available. http://www. mphasis. com [June 27, 2008]

Are the social Sciences Really Inferior? Essay

Prologue It is a common notion that the social sciences, as it were, are inferior to the natural sciences when it comes to being a â€Å"science†. Some sects in the society even questions the credibility of the claim of the social sciences that they are indeed a science; several faction of the society views social science as a whole as being inferior to the natural science, a number of them even does not consider social sciences as a science at all. The article at hand, tackles this dispute by pointing out several points of comparison between the two bodies of knowledge so as to achieve clarity and a definitive answer regarding the matter at hand. The following are the points that the author of the article pointed out: invariability of observations, objectivity of observations and explanations, verifiability of hypothesis, exactness of findings, measurability of phenomena, constancy of numerical relationships, predictability of future events, distance from everyday experience, and stan dards of admission and requirements. The points presented by the author of the selection will be pondered upon in this paper in such a manner that clarity and clearness may be achieved. In this respect, the author of this paper took liberty of dividing the work into several headings, just like what the original writer did, and after each heading the authors own explanation of the matter at hand will be presented. In this manner, the author hopes to arrive at a scholarly paper that can ascertain the matter at hand. Invariability of observations To make things simpler, the notion that the author of the said article wants to establish under this heading is that the natural sciences imposes a sort of superiority over the social sciences. This is because of the fact that the natural sciences are invariant when it comes to its object of study, hence its object of study may recur. While in the case of the social sciences, since the nature of society is to change, its object of study is incorporated with variability. However, the author pointed out that there is  a social science that can be considered as invariable, and that is in the field of economics. In addition to what already has been stated, the author posited the position that the only difference in the variability between the social sciences and the natural sciences is that of degree, that is if we are talking about the real world. Taking a closer look at the matter at hand, we may safely state that there is indeed a difference between the two sciences when it comes to the variability of their object of study, this is due to the number of relevant factors to be taken into account for explaining or predicting events occurring in the real world. Objectivity of observations and explanations It is a common notion that the natural sciences will do everything in its power to at least reduce the level of subjectivity in their field, if not to completely annihilate it. On the contrary, the society views the social sciences as imbued with subjectivity and thrive on it. Well, this is true if we look at both sciences at a glance; however, taking a second look at it we may realize that even the natural sciences may have a little touch of subjectivity instilled in it. This assertion is based on the following factors: the scientist, who conducts the experiments and other vital stuff in the natural sciences, ethical problems, and selection of a project in the choice of the subject for investigation. The scientist The scientist, who conducts different sorts of experiments and tests in the laboratory, in one way or the other, is still imbued with subjectivity no matter how hard he try and no matter how hard they contest it to be. This is for the reason that the individuality of a scientist cannot be eliminated no matter what because he is still a human being in the first place. Ethical problems Ethical problems may influence the subject of study in the natural sciences in many various ways. Political pressure, media intervention, Church’s involvement etc. may affect the object of study in any natural sciences. This influence of diverse forces in the natural sciences may in the process infuse a subjective aspect in the object of study being scrutinized. Selection of a project in the choice of the subject for investigation The scientist chooses the project in the choice of the subject for investigation. As it implies, the scientist will of course choose the subject matter that interests him. In this manner, the subjectivity of the scientist is being instilled in the object of study under the natural sciences. It seems that the only difference between the two sciences when it comes to the heading being tackled is that social phenomena are explained only if they are attributed to definite types of action which are understood in terms of values motivating those who decide and act. The concern with values of the social sciences, it seems, is the crucial difference between the two. However, this does not take anything away from the social sciences and it is clear that this advantage is not a basis of superiority in either case. Verifiability of hypothesis In the case of the natural science, it is benefited with the capacity to have or conduct controlled experiments on the object of study. In this type of experiment the diverse factors that may affect the object of study are limited and controlled, that is the reason why in the natural sciences verifiability of hypothesis is possible. In the case of the social sciences, these types of controlled experiments and tests are not possible for the reason that the object of study of the social sciences deals with the society and the day-to-day living of different people, which makes it improbable to conduct experiments as such. Clearly, in this respect, the natural sciences have a vantage point vis-à  -vis the social sciences. However, this does not necessitate that the natural sciences are indeed  superior to the social sciences. Exactness of findings According to the article, the meaning of exactness best founded in intellectual history is the possibility of constructing theoretical systems of idealized models containing abstract constructs of variables and of relations between variables, from which most or all propositions concerning particular connections can be deduced. In this respect, the natural sciences are no different from the social sciences. This is for the reason that such systems cannot be found in several of the natural sciences– in several aspects in biology for instance–while it can be found in at least one of the social sciences: economics. Given this fact, it cannot be asserted that the natural sciences are indeed superior to the social sciences regarding the factor at hand. Measurability of phenomena The point of the author in this particular portion of the article is that there is no way of judging whether non-quantifiable factors are more prevalent in nature or society. In this light, there can be no aspect of superiority or inferiority regarding this matter between the natural and the social sciences. Constancy of numerical relationships Regarding this matter, there is without a doubt that the natural sciences are in advantage if compared to the social sciences. This is due to the fact that in the natural sciences, there exist such a constant law and figures that can never be changed or alter in any manner. On the contrary, in the case of the social sciences there are no such constant laws or figures to support and supplement the body of knowledge in its endeavor. This is for the reason that in the real social world nothing is constant but change, and it is due to this nature of the social world that constancy is far from being achieved. Predictability of future events The common notion regarding the predictive power of the natural science is true, given the fact that it does not permeate different factors that can alter the prediction. In other words, due to the controlled experiments of the natural scientist, prediction is not far from being reached. However, in the case of the social sciences, wherein the object of study is the society, predictability is hard to find. According to the author of this particular article, the only difference between the two sciences in this respect is that experts in the natural sciences usually do not try to do what they know that they cannot do; and nobody expects them to do it. Social scientists, on the other hand, for some strange reasons are expected to foretell the future and they feel bad if they fail to do so. Distance from everyday experience Science is viewed by many as anything that cannot be comprehended by a layman or an ordinary person. The object of study of the natural sciences are somehow not attuned and far from the day-to-day experiences and living of the ordinary people. While the object of study of the social sciences are directly affects the fervor of the masses. This is the reason that the social sciences are more close to the hearts of men. However, this does not say anything regarding the query at hand. Standards of Admission and requirements According to some study the IQ level of the students of physics are more advance than those students in other courses. In this basis where the foundation of the natural sciences’ claims that there proponents are more intelligent than those of the social sciences. However, as stipulated by the author of the said article, this does not assert anything in favor or against both the social and the natural sciences for the reason that this  factors depends entirely on the school or the academe that are offering such courses. It is a given fact that the natural science students are more advance in terms of their IQ level for the reason that they are more adept in calculus than any other students. Nonetheless this does not entail that the natural sciences are superior to the social sciences. The Score Card Taking a closer look at the point by point comparison made by the author between the factors that may be able to point out the difference between the two bodies of knowledge, we may ascertain that there are at least three definitive advantage of the natural sciences with regards to the social sciences, namely; invariability of observations, verifiability of hypothesis, and constancy of numerical relationships. However, the way the author of this paper sees it, these advantages are mere benefits that the natural sciences enjoys and these vantage point does not entail that the natural sciences are superior to the social sciences in any manner. On the second thought, the author of this paper thinks that there is no point of comparison between the two sciences at hand. This is because of the reason that the one is not an alternative of the other. The social sciences are not an alternative of the natural sciences, wherein we can choose one over the other. Instead, the two bodies of knowledge go hand in hand to make the complex world that we are living in comprehendible to the society. Without one of these sciences an individual person may find himself amidst a cloud of confusion and bewilderment. The factors presented in the paper do not imply that we ought not to study social sciences because of its inferiority to the natural sciences. The vantage point of the natural sciences is but a benefit that can be enjoyed by this particular body of knowledge. To sum things up, the so-called inferiority of the social sciences to the natural sciences is but a phantom that the society in general integrates to the former, viewing the later as indeed superior. Epilogue In chapter one of the set of articles that we were asked to read, the thesis  question presented is that â€Å"is the social science really inferior to the natural science?†. On the course of our discussions and presentation of facts, we come to the conclusion and understanding that the natural sciences indeed has some advantage to enjoy and maximize if compared to the social sciences. However, as pointed out in the paper at hand, these vantage points does not entail that the natural sciences are superior to the social sciences in any manner. This is for the reason, as stipulated earlier; the one is not an alternative or a substitute of the other. This is for the same reason that, as the author of this paper views it, there is no point of comparison between the two bodies of knowledge at hand. Indeed, there are several advantages when it comes to the nature and structure of the natural sciences if compared to the social sciences. However, these advantages should not be viewed in lieu of the superiority/inferiority debate; instead it should serve as a challenge on the part of the social sciences to maximize and make the most out of the available resources of the social sciences to be able for it to comply and be attuned with the needs of the social reality.

Athenian Speech on Adherence to the 30 Year Peace Treaty Essay - 8

Athenian Speech on Adherence to the 30 Year Peace Treaty - Essay Example In the Athenian empire had adequate fleets; these fleets acted as the main source of power. In the years 433 BCE Athenians assisted Corcyra by defending it against military attacks by Corinth. Athens did not break rules of the 30 Year Peace Treaty because; Corcyra was considered a neutral state and therefore Athens was legally and politically allowed to work with Corcyra on military defense issues (Rhodes 13). Also, Corcyra was an ally of Athens, and the treaty explained that no state is allowed to interfere with allies of other states. Therefore, Corinth was not permitted by the treaty to attack Corcyra which was an ally of Athens. In the year 433 BCE Athens affected a siege on Potidaea. This action did not break the 30 Year Peace Treaty because; Athens considered it a military defense action. The treaty empowered each leader to employ military force in conflict resolution in the alliance. Potidaea was a member of the Dalian League; the League was controlled by the Athenian leader. Athens also wanted to control Potidaea both politically and militarily. This is because the territory served as the main source of raw materials for their ship industry. Athens had many fleets used for military purposes; therefore wood for construction and maintenance were sourced from Potidaea. This source had to be protected and controlled (Martin 21). In the year 432 BCE Athens introduced a decree against Megara. These economic sanctions were levied just shortly before the Peloponnesian war. The economic actions did not break the 30 Year Peace Treaty because as leader of the Dalian League, the Athenian leader had the powers to use force in resolving conflicts. Megara created conflict through trespassing on Demeter’s land. An Athenian herald was also killed in Megara when he was sent to resolve the trespass conflict (Rhodes 5).  

UK Aviation Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK Aviation Policy - Case Study Example Air travel is of primordial importance to the United Kingdom's economy and prosperity. In the last 30 years there has been a five-fold growth in air travel. This vibrant air travel opened up opportunities: half of the population flies at least once a year, and many citizens have began flying far more often than that. The main challenge of UK aviation policy is to deal with the pressures caused by the increasing need to travel whilst at the same time retaining their commitment to protect the environment in which we live. The present UK aviation consists of a global policy framework that achieves stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would obviate dangerous man-made interference with the climate system. Aviation in the UK contributes an annual  £14bn value added output to the UK economy, creating and sustaining 675,000 jobs, exporting  £13bn per annum, and is directly responsible for transporting a third by value of our goods. (NATS and Trade Association in the UK, 2007). Aviation is a global industry. Many of its impacts demand global solutions. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) must identify the way forward and set the framework at an international level for national and local implementation. The ICAO must consider both the national and international impact of proposed policies. Moreover, it should lessen the adoption of unilateral measures which may result in adverse effects on the UK aviation industry and the national economy. Background of the Greenhouse Common The NATO's Nuclear Planning Group created a High Level Group (HLG) to determine NATO's requirements for handling threat from Soviet nuclear forces. The HLG started analyzing in December 1977 and decided to deploy cruise missiles in Britain. Cruise missiles were chosen as these were cheap, accurate and it could be fired from different platforms. The HLG's modernization plan was approved in 1979. (Sean, 2004). Then on June 17, 1980, British Defence Secretary, Francis Pym, announced in the House of Commons that 160 missiles were to be stationed at the United States Air Force standby base at RAF Greenham Common in Berkshire, and RAF Molesworth. (Parliamentary Debates of House of Commons, 1980). The first cruise missiles were delivered to the airport on November 14, 1983. (Sean, 2004) The NATO's December 1979 information that it had set-up a base for nuclear cruise missiles in a British airport generated instant and heavy public opposition. The anti-cruise missile movement had expanded to include mass demonstrations, peace camps at the bases, and multiple civil action by various organizations. Public opinion against the cruise missile deployment strengthened the

Happily Ever After Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Happily Ever After - Essay Example The marriage of Desdemona and Othello should have been a good match. Upon meeting Othello, Desdemona was immediately enthralled by his charisma and exotic qualities. Othello was also able to impress Desdemona’s father, which helped his cause considerably. In fact, he makes the claim that Desdemona’s â€Å"father loved me, oft invited me, / Still questioned me the story of my life / From year to year,† (I.iii.127–129) which shows that Desdemona wanted to marry him because of the person that he is. It could be argued, on the other hand, that Othello married Desdemona for his own status, as he wished to be included in the same social circle as her and her family. This was difficult for him to achieve, however, as he was always looked at as an outsider by society because of his African heritage. This led to problems in the marriage, as Othello always felt beneath Desdemona on some level. During this play, Othello is portrayed as a jealous character who lets nearly everything bother him to the point where he eventually begins to behave not as a noble, but rather as a commoner. One can start addressing Othello’s insecurities with the racial issues that he encounters during this play as a result of his African heritage. At the beginning of the play, Roderigo and Iago refer to Othello as â€Å"the Moor† (I,i,57) and also make reference to his â€Å"thick-lips† (I,i,66). Even though Othello is revered as a general, he is still thought of as a second-class citizen due to his race. Othello is very aware of his differences from the rest of the citizens of Venice and, therefore, he is very self-conscious about it. This is one of the reasons why he is so insecure about his relationship with Desdemona. Since the rest of society sees him as being an outsider, and possibly even socially inferior, part of him believes that Desdemona will believe that also and , thus, she will be unfaithful to him. Since Othello already has it in his

Kant and Aristotle's Ideas on Morals and Happiness Essay

Kant and Aristotle's Ideas on Morals and Happiness - Essay Example To most of us, there is always a demarcation between the things concerning livelihood and the things concerning our morality.   In fact, most of us agree on the notion that the pursuit of morality often leads to us having to deny our self-happiness.By contrast to these universally accepted views, Aristotle believes that it would be impossible for any man or woman to access true and genuine heartfelt happiness unless the same person is also maintaining the right morals.   Virtue is, therefore, seen as a requirement for happiness.   It is something that is hard to comprehend. One would think that if a person is given sufficient economic power or political power, then the individual could attain happiness without necessarily doing what is accepted as morally right.Kant has a different view of happiness. He believes that it is not possible to have a categorical imperative for happiness.   People are different and they have different personalities. This implies that everybody has his own set of things that make him or her happy. What makes one happy does not necessarily make the other happy. Since knowing the things that make others happy is elusive, Kant believes that we can only use a hypothetical imperative in order to come up with something that will make other people happy (Kant 62).The concept of Aristotle on the morally right is not the same one that most other philosophers have. It is argued that if manners usually teach people good morals, the military will not be using the kind of training they do. There is the biggest concern on who knows who is moral and who is not. There is always the possibility of hypocrisy since outward appearance does not necessarily reflect the internal desires and intentions of a person. Morality is, therefore, thought by others not to be connected in any way to happiness, for instance, Kant (63) argues that morality is all about doing what is accepted in society as the moral thing to do. He believes that morality is all a bout rationalization in order to choose from the right and the wrong in order to end up with a moral decision. Kant further propagates the idea that a moral decision must be consistent with the moral laws and must be done for moral reasons (61).

Fingerprint scientific method Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fingerprint scientific method - Coursework Example It comprises 3 steps to compute a fingerprint. No. 1 – an approximation algorithm is used to compute a reduced-fidelity version of the target digital object. No. 2 – this reduced version is put into a normalized serial form, and No. 3 – a hash function is used to compute a unique fingerprint from the resulting serialized object. The UNFs approach is somewhat similar to that of audio & video fingerprinting. However, in contrast to audio and video fingerprints, which entail a long sequence computation, UNFs use a more concise and closely related representation, suitable for use in scholarly citations. Thai, L. & Tam, H. (2010) under ‘Standardized fingerprint model’ states, â€Å"The model includes the following steps: (1) Pre-processing fingerprint image: for each image, we recognize fingerprint area, thinned ridge lines and extract minutiae. (2) Finding and adjusting parameter sets: at first, choose a fingerprint which has largest fingerprint area as mean image.

Traditional medicine vs alternative medicine Research Paper

Traditional medicine vs alternative medicine - Research Paper Example Health and well-being has been among the top priorities of humanity from ages with a common objective to meet people’s inevitable requirements for emotional and physical curing. The role of religious values and community structures cannot be ignored in the evolution of medicines. Today, there is an increasing awareness of CAM in industrialized nations. Though the western medicine is scientifically based, and its popularity, supremacy, and guarantees are comparatively high, a large number of populations cannot afford its benefits. For instance, studies suggests that majority of people (80%) or more in developing nations can barely have enough money for the most fundamental medical dealings, drugs, and vaccines (Debas et al., n.d). Traditional medicine (TM) as the word suggest â€Å"refers to health practices, approaches, information and values incorporating plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, used individually or in addition to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being†. TM has gained popularity in countries such as Africa, Asia and Latin America for their basic health care requirements as it is more economical and is integrated with the societal values. There are data that suggests that 80% population in Africa is depending on traditional medicine for health care. When the indigenously developed TM moves out of its local boundaries and is practiced in other nations particularly the developed ones, it is known as â€Å"Complementary† or â€Å"Alternative medicine† (CAM) (Photius Coutsoukis, 2008). Hence it can be said that both TM and CAM have similarities in various aspects. Since the vocabulary complementary and alternative medicines exemplify practices and products that common people decides as additions to or as substitutes to Western allopathic therapeutic approaches, these terms are being used indiscriminately (Straus 2004). In the industrial or the so called developed nations such as the United States, an amazingly great percentage of people go for a combination of treatments suitable for them. They also take great care of safety and efficacy of these practices. The medical practices that are followed from ages and that advanced amid indigenous peoples has gained popularity in other countries. For instance, there are several tourists from different countries visiting India basically for the treatment using Ayurveda which is a traditional medicine developed over the years in India. Today, alternative medicine is popular in developing countries, and its recognition in developed nations is growing tremendously. In India, the most popular alternative medicines were recognized as Vedic medicines or Aired that has evolved through ages. The main aspire of Ayurveda medicine is harmonizing the mind, soul and body. Ayurveda takes the advantage of the rich biodiversity in India and mainly includes products from herbs, vegetables, fruits and natural minerals. There are chronological facts that even invasive procedures were practiced in ancient Ayurveda. Some of the practitioners of Ayurveda in modern society have integrated yoga and meditation processes and massaging techniques to overcome various health challenges. This makes it a part of alternative medicine. Traditional beliefs such as a strong mind and body could never fall sick have lead to the development of Chinese treatments. The Chinese treated the human mind and not the disease. Techniques such as Acupressure and Acupuncture were basically developed in China. This traditional medicine was accomplished for centuries and its idea is based on Taoist philosophy. These practices also extended to Japan and Korea and came to be known as the Oriental branch

Foreign Policy Dilemma of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foreign Policy Dilemma of China - Essay Example Some of the leaders worked towards the attainment of a new world order, however, others worked to be aligned with international countries towards the race of modernism. Overall, China portrays its image as a peaceful nation with no aggressive aims, but interested in continuous development and growth economically, socially, technologically and diplomatically. The country aims to progress and be regarded as a great power. It regards its sovereignty and homeland solidarity over all other objectives. This paper discusses the dilemmas in Chinese foreign policy in dealing with other countries and forming international relations. There have been many noteworthy changes in the foreign policy of China, which can be noticed by tracing the last fifty years. The changes in leadership brought about changes in the foreign policy such as the governance of Mao Zedong to the governance of Deng Xiaoping were quite contrasting. As far as the foreign policy of Mao Zedong is considered, it was groundbreaking and was intended for a new world order. In the Cold War, Zedong’s government was diplomatic in backing lately autonomous states of Africa and Asia that belonged to the third world countries. However, many of the Chinese leaders were against the Zedong’s policing, as they regarded that China should adhere to the rules of sovereign states and should not intrude in their affairs. Despite this struggle, Chinese foreign policy in the Cold War was more towards ‘ideological militancy’ and backed insurgent Asian and African countries1. With the governance of Deng Xiaoping, the foreign policy of the last leader was rejected wholly. As per his diplomacy, Chinese ‘external relations’ were required to be normalized. The new foreign policy ignored already developed close ties with developing countries and intended to make close ties with industrial countries to obtain the externalized supplies of ‘capital and  technology’ for Chinese needs. After Xiaoping's economic reforms, Chinese foreign policy intended for internal modernization with the support of external sources.

The Great Wall China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Great Wall China - Research Paper Example It is a truly captivating site. The Great Wall was never intended to stand as a testament of art or the grandeur of architecture, it served a far more simpler and practical purpose. Yet, all the same it is remarked as one of the greatest architectural feats of human history, like the pyramids at Giza and the city of Machu Pichu; and remains so today. It is still worthy of further research and discussion. History There is a myth that has become truly intertwined with the legend of the Great Wall of China. The myth tells the story of the wall as one great single undertaking, spanning, decades, of continuous building. However, this is, simply, not the case. The wall was built in different sections, in different locations, ultimately linked, throughout the years. ("Chinese Heritage Quarterly" 1) It is Qin Shih Huang, or the First Emperor, who is credited with conceiving of the idea to create a wall of immense length and strength that would prevent the invasion of the threatening Huns. Ho wever, many scholars today acknowledge that there are portions of the wall that may date back to smaller construction efforts that predates the rule of Qin Shih Huang. All the same the greatest portions were inspired by his intention to protect China from outsiders. There were, in fact, several Chinese Dynasties that contributed to the Wall, the Qi, the Wei, and the Zhao, however, it is three dynasties that are attributed with the greatest contributions. Qin Dynasty Again, Qin Shih Huang is responsible for the many of the oldest parts of the Great Wall. He foresaw the Wall as a fortification to protect the country from Hun invaders, as well as, ensure the rule of his descendents and future emperors who will take power after him. As one can see in the photograph these older sections of the wall have are formed of simple, natural materials, and are bit worse for wear in some sections. However, Qin, despite all of the innovations he brought during his rule, book printing and road build ing, but much of his rule was considered harsh and, even, cruel. The use of force to maintain work on the wall, along with a number of other sources of social unrest, resulted in a rebellion that ended his dynasty just after his death ("Chinese Heritage Quarterly" 1). Han Dynasty The Han Dynasty, regarded as one of the most powerful of Chinese dynasties, also, feared invasion from Hun Forces. This diplomatic rule attempted to make peace with by offering trade and economic incentives. However, this had little success and the Chinese resorted to a few offensive battles, but they became too costly to finance. The Han focused on adding to portions of the Great Wall, again as a defense, but this time it moved west toward the Gobi Desert; the intention being to protect the Silk Roads that were so essential to the empires economy ("The Great Wall of China"). As can be seen in the photograph, there is distinct difference in style and coloring of the stones in comparison between the Qin and the Han contributions; the Hans stones are darker and red Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty is credited with being the most prolific contributor to the building of the Great Wall. In fact, the majority of the wall that we are familiar with today is remnants of the works of this dynasty added between the years of 1368-1644 C.E. The Ming

First Impression of Iago Essay Example for Free

First Impression of Iago Essay My first impression of Iago is that he’s a manipulative and hypocritical man who tries to make up for the lack of success and happiness in his life by destroying that of others. In Iago’s first appearance in the play, he’s seen manipulating the wealthy but foolish Roderigo into giving him money. He claims to be taking this money to buy extravagant gifts to woo Desdemona on Roderigo’s behalf, but he keeps the money for himself. â€Å"Iago, who hast had [Roderigo’s] purse/ As if the strings were [his]† is clearly taking advantage of the jealous suitor of Desdemona (I. i. -3). As Roderigo is threatening to drown himself, Iago says to him, â€Å"If the/ balance of our lives had not one scale of reason to poise/ another of sensuality, the blood and baseness of our/ natures would conduct us to most prepost’rous/ conclusions† (I. iii. 325-329). This is hypocritical of Iago because he is scolding Roderigo for letting emotions and desires take over his life, but Iago lets rage, jealous, and his thirst for revenge take over his life. As a result of the lack of happiness and success in his own life, Iago feels the need to destroy that of others. When Cassio is promoted to lieutenant, Iago conspires to have him fired by suggesting that he’s having an affair with Desdemona. When Othello marries Desdemona, Iago tries to turn Brabantio against his new son-in-law. Iago is unhappy with his life – he doesn’t have the job he wants, and his marriage isn’t a happy one – so he tries to compensate by making the lives of others miserable as well. Iago appears to be a typical villain whose plots are made in an attempt to get revenge on the protagonists. His manipulative and hypocritical ways help conceal his wicked thoughts from the foolish Roderigo and over-trusting Othello.

Saving Helpless Animals Essay Example for Free

Saving Helpless Animals Essay Do people realize the amount of animals that are killed each year for merely just a small portion of their body? Whether it is hide, hoofs, or urine, it’s never enough to make it worth killing the animal, taking parts of the body and leaving the rest go to waste. Writers such as Peter Hammarstedt in â€Å"Defending Whales and Seals,† goes on to explain how he dedicated his career to saving these animals. Hammarstedt states, â€Å"I wanted Peter in this book because he illustrates very well how rewarding it is to follow your heart and have huge impact on those with no voice. This quote captured my heart and led me into the research of Premarin Mares. Horses are being hung from the ceiling by a harness, with a machine hooked to them to collect their urine. They are being given half the amount of water a horse should have, all so their urine will be more pure. These horses are called Premarin Mares. They get the name Premarin from â€Å"Pregnant mare’s urine† (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). Premarin is a medicine created fro women going through menopause. These women have no clue how Premarin is being made. Once the mares have gone through the pregnancy and give birth, the foals are immediately on their way to death. They are either sent to a pre-slaughter house to gain weight, or they go straight to the slaughter house, because foal meat is a delicacy in some countries. Women need to be aware that Premarin should not be used because horses are being abused and killed for the creation of a medicine that has negative side affects upon human consumption. Premarin is a medicine that is produced from pregnant mares and is made by Wyeth-Ayerest to give to women who are going through menopause. The company that distributes and markets it world-wide, is Ayerst Organics Ltd. Premarin has been available to purchase since the year 1942. When stats were last checked in June of 2009, there were over nine million women who live in America that have purchased and been taking Premarin (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). The drug has been around for such a long time,  people immediately assume it must work. According to its creators, Premarin helps to relieve or eliminate a variety of female hormonal problems (Benefits of Premarin, 2012). Premarin is a hormone therapy that contains a blend of estrogens available in low dose options. In general women can expect relief within a few short weeks.PREMARIN is a hormone therapy that contains a blend of estrogens available in low dose options. In general, you can expect relief to begin within a few weeks. Being a female myself, I’m sure that very line is enough to spark anyone’s curiosity. The only thing is, these women were not informed of how Premarin is made, and the doctors make the side effects sound like they are no big deal. Some of the side effects Premarin will give women are chances of having a stroke is increased by 41%. The chances of having a heart attack are also increased by 29%. Premarin increases the chance of blood clots forming by 100%, and will increase the chances of getting breast cancer (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). These women should just find a new medicine that is not from chemicals that have to abusively be taken out of animals. The usage of Premarin is known to make hot flashes and night sweats become less frequent and intense. Premarin lets women begin to feel relief from hot flashes in as little as 3 weeks. The Benefits of Premarin states, â€Å"In a clinical trial, the lowest dose (0.3mg) of Premarin reduced the number of hot flashes from 13 to less than 3 per day at 12 weeks of therapy† (Benefits of Premarin, 2012). What people don’t realize is every year, there are at least 75,000 mares that are abused in order to produce Premarin. Since Premarin has been used, over one million innocent horses have died from its needs (Morrison, 2004). Since they have been researching how Premarin is made, there have been some changes to try to help these innocent horses. Morrison states, â€Å"The amount of horses needed went from 40,000 to 20,000 overnight† (Morrison, 2004). Premarin Mares will be used for up to twenty years if they keep getting pregnant and give out good strong urine. If not then they are simply sent away for slaughter. The harnesses that are put on the Premarin Mares make it so the horses are unable to move around at all. Being in this harness will cause serious abrasions to the horse’s body. Even this will not stop them from being put in the harness over and over (Premarin, 2012). A common breed of horses that is used to produce Premarin  is a draft horse. In the eleven months that mares are pregnant, six of that time their urine is painfully being taken from them. Morrison states, â€Å"And the result of all these pregnancies? Lots and lots of foals, baby horses† (Morrison, 2004). There are several reasons why women are so eager to use Premarin. Benefits of Premarin expresses, â€Å"Premarin has been shown to significantly improve vaginal symptoms due to menopause at every dose† (Benefits of Premarin, 2012). Wyeth Pharmaceuticals states, â€Å"Premarin’s vaginal cream is the first vaginal estrogen treatment made to relieve moderate to severe vagina itching, burning or dryness† (Wyeth, 2012). A small application of the cream can help to reduce or eliminate physical discomfort experienced by menopausal women during intercourse. With prolonged usage, the cream can reverse vaginal changes associated with menopause. It can take up to 3 weeks for the benefits to begin to be realized. What women don’t realize is that Premarin foals get taken from their mother, and either turned into Premarin Mares, or are sent away to get fattened up and then sent to the slaughter house (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). Once foals are born, they have alm ost no hope for a good life. If the foals are not an attractive color they have no chance of being sold for normal horse uses (Premarin, 2012). Sometimes when foals are sold to good families, they have deep concern for a health problem in the foal, so they have a harder time being adopted. Foals can be bought for recreational use. Most often though, they are bought by â€Å"killer buyers.† The babies that are born are not allowed to stay with their mother any longer than four months. Every year, there are at least twenty-five thousand babies who will be killed or who die from neglect (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). â€Å"These babies are then sent to slaughter houses or unsheltered feedlots to gain weight to be slaughtered for human consumption† (Premarin, 2012). Premarin foals get eaten by humans often. According to USDA, young foal meat tends to be very tender. This just shows how easily these babies can be neglected, because no one cares for them. Looking on the bright side of things, â€Å"Premarin has been proven to increase bone density of the hip and the spine and can help prevent osteoporosis† (Benefits of Premarin, 2012). This is an ongoing problem in women so the fact that Premarin can help solve this problem is a big plus  for the company. Mare’s used to produce Premarin are greatly abused on a daily basis and being deprived of their every day needs. Horses that are well taken care of are normally put in stalls that are around or close to 10 by 10 or even 10 by 12. These horses are being put in stalls that are eight by three-and-a-half feet. These poor horses do not have enough room to turn around. So the mare’s urine is stronger, the PMU farms give the mares half the amount of water they should receive on a daily basis (Premarin, 2012). The mares are kept on tiny stalls for one hundred fifty days hooked up to machines to collect their urine (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). The mares are kept in very small areas so they cannot move or even lay down (Premarin, 2012). The horses used for Premarin are given no attention love wise, and for a horse it is quality not quantity that matters to it. A popular doctor, Dr. Ray Kellosalmi, even says, â€Å"The production of Premarin is a source of pure torture to these mares† (Morrison, 2004). The mares used for this are highly abused. The LCA investigation found, â€Å"a still-alive mare hanging upside down with part of her leg cut off† (HRT Drug Widely Prescribed, 2003). Premarin is a convenient drug to take. Premarin offers five different strengths of the drug therefore it can be given to all different women due to the convenient dosing options (Benefits of Premarin, 2012).Premarin farms, also called PMU farms, are where the neglect of these horses takes place, and where Premarin is made. â€Å"There are thirty PMU farms located in North Dakota near the Canadian Border† Premarin, 2012). â€Å"There are more than five hundred PMU farms in North America with the majority being located in Canada† (Premarin, 2012). â€Å"Most Canadian PMU farms have re-emerged in Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan† (Premarin, 2012). To collect the urine, they place a rubber funnel almost like a hose in between the horse’s hind legs in order to be able to get the urine. The PMU farmers who do this think it is their last hope to keep their farm going. â€Å"On October 10, 2003, Wyeth Organics (Wyeth Inc.) started its first round of cuts in their PMU production contacts by notifying PMU farmers in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba that they’ll be reducing the number of ranchers who produce the urine by one-third† (Premarin, 2012). Premarin farms were never investigated for abuse until 1986; remember it started in 1942. The PMU  farmers try to breed their mares with stallions, hoping the foals will look more attractive, so they will sell easier at a sale. Killing Whales and Seals is also a pointless cause. This is why Peter dedicated his life to defending them. Just like poaching these sea lives, Premarin is a cruel way to make medicine for women going through menopause. Horses are being abused daily, and women are not aware of how it is being produced. Women going through menopause need to be aware of how Premarin is made, in hopes that they will not purchase it, so Premarin can no longer be produced.

Process of Human Resource Planning

Process of Human Resource Planning Executive Summary Human Resource Planning is the process of determining future employee needs and deciding steps or strategies to achieve those needs for the purpose of accomplishing organizational goals and objectives. It is a Human Resource Management function that focuses on providing the organization with an adequate manpower. Main objective of Human Resource Planning is to ensure that the business having the right people at the right place at the right time doing the right work. Human Resource Planning enable the management of the company to determine future employee needs, to utilize human resource more efficiently and effectively, to control employment cost, to develop high talent employees and to formulate and successfully implement strategies. HRP or the work-force planning is a one of the most impactful aspects of the todays business. Human Resource Planning is an on-going process rather than a process limited to one stand-pint and then implemented. It in the broadest sense included both the strategic and operational human resources of the organization. It is a strategically driven HRM function that leads the company to acquire competitive advantages. Human resource gain competitive advantages by gaining cost economics, by operating productively, efficiently and effectively and by changing operations and acquiring new enterprises. This report begins with discussing the matter of Human Resource Planning applying to a selected organisation. It will be discussed the considerations regarding the employment and the employees such as the legal and organizational framework, organizational environment, grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. Question O1: Understand how the HR plan supports the strategic objectives 1.1 Assessing the strategic importance of current, future and anticipated HR requirements The human resource is the most important resource a business has. Very often whether the corporate sets the future plans for other functions and for the other resources it is neglected to predict the future of the work-force. Further sometimes the enterprise identifies the importance of the quantitative factor of the resource but ignore the qualitative factors. Sometimes the organizations are very critical with human resource factor and the development of skills and new talents are very significant for such companies. If the manager of these companies fail to identify what skills the company needs, how much of them need, and fail to secure the appropriate supply then the capacity of the organization to fulfill the business requirements will be rare. Therefore it is crucial to every business to have a HR plan to meet and future workforce requirements in the both ways of quantity and quality. When planning the human resource several aspects are to be looked at and several questions have to be answered. These aspects and the questions themselves emphasize the strategic importance of HRP. The first one is determining the number of employees to be employed at a new place. The organization may have engaged too many staff so that there exists a surplus or underutilized workforce. If the number of employees is less that actual requirement then the organization will fail to meet the production requirements and there by fail to meet the market demand. Accordingly, it is very clear that the company will fail in front of the competition of the market. The questions that would have to be answered are, How can the output be improved? Understand the interrelation between productivity, technological changes and the existing workforce. What are the techniques can be used to set the work force requirements? Have more flexible work organization been considered? How to acquire the necessary staff? The second is how to retain your highly skilled staff. This is very important in the competitive environment. The skilled employees who contribute with distinct talents may leave the company on the grounds that the current company does not pay them satisfactorily when it so clear that such payment is very fair. Company may lose the capacity to meet the goals and will fail with the rival companies with lower human talents. Further to the losses arising from the competitive markets the company will have to incur higher costs of payments for the employees who left the company, and the costs of recruitment, induction and training of novel staff. Hence the questions will have to be answered are, How to monitor the extent of resignations? What are the reasons for turnover? What are the costs for the organization? How the turnovers of the company vary with the other companies of the industry? The third one would be how to manage a downsizing program effectively? This is critical. Managers have to cut off some of his staff painlessly while protecting long-term interests. HRP will help managers by considering; What sort of workforce envisage at the end of the exercise? How the nature and extent of wastage will change? Whether the use of retraining, redeployment and transfers would work out? What are appropriate recruitment levels? The fourth aspect we have to consider is from where you find the necessary skills and number of employees? If you do not have a clear idea you will face short-term skills and manpower shortage. The questions would have to be addressed are; Whether current career system of the organization supports the future requirements? What are the characteristics of those who currently occupy senior positions? What is the organizations future supply of talents? Then the answers to these questions can be compared with the future requirements in the number and the type. Internal structural changes and the external business environmental changes will affect the sources of future supply of skills and persons. Moreover it is important to note that the inconsistencies between culture and the strategies will severely damage the company sustainability. The organization must build up a pool of work-force who is match with the organizations culture. Hence it is important to plan the number, skills and sources from where you acquire future needs of human resource to recruit right people. HRP is highly interdependent with all aspects of the business. It is affected by the all other sections strategies and future directions. Therefore the scope and objectives of the HRP must be thoroughly understood to acquire sustainable competitive advantages. Any HR strategy must be coping with the corporate and business level strategies. HRP must be done in the companys strategic planning process so that a definition for expansion of the future needs will be strategically developed. 1.2 Analyse how HR planning impacts on the strategic plan The HR planning is develop to identification and ensure the staffs, particular job related skills and talents, training and development, retention of staff, recruitments, selection processes and etc. The strategic plan give the future needs and trend of the staff to the particular departments, required talents, recruitments, training and development needs of staff. Therefore the practice of HR functions which depends on HR planning and developments depends on the strategic plan which established by the top management of the organization. HR planning uses the inputs as information from the strategic plans. So HR planning influences the existence of mission and goals of the organizational strategic planning process. The organizational quality and level of standard about goods and services is depending on the quality work of staff of the organization. Therefore the standard of strategic decisions will reflect through the profitability and growth of the HR planning taken by the organization. Question O2: Understand the legal and organizational frameworks for the employment of staff 2.1 Evaluate the current legal requirements influencing a HR plan The government regulations, tax purposes, employee rules and regulations, social security purposes will influence the HR planning of the organization. The economic conditions like economic booms and recessions of the country will make different legal and ethical conditions in the country. Therefore the legal requirements of the organizational framework will influence the recruitment and selection of new employees. Therefore the unemployment rates, interest rates and etc will make legal requirements for the organizational HR conditions. These will affect to the HR planning for training and development of staff of the organization. 2.2 Describe a process for recruitment and selection of new staff (external candidates) that complies with current legislation and organization requirements The recruitment of the staff depends on the needs and requirements of the position of the organization. The recruited people must be able to perform current and the intended requirements of the organization. Through the advertising and recruiting agencies the recruitment information can be publish. For some jobs cannot be done by the womens. In that positions should be restrict to the mens, so the recruitment must be done according to these legislations. In the legislation the womens have time constraints of working time and hours. The selection process carried out through the people who have recruited to the organization through different resources. The interviews, CV screening, identifying skills and talents will help for better selection of new staff to the organization. The discriminations cannot be done on race, color, nationality and region when the selection process. The men and women must be paid in same amount for the same work force and etc in the organization. Question O3: Understand the effect of the organizational environment on staff 3.1 Discuss how organizational culture affects recruitment and retention of staff The recruitment process will reflect the organizational culture and the staff is fit for that culture then the staffs will exist more time in the organization. The organizational culture affected to the job analysis, job description, recruitment, selections and etc. The organizational limitations are can be also affect to the organizational culture. The employee retention will benefit to the organization as well as to the employee. Therefore the employee should have better understanding about the organization and will be able to adapt to that environment easily. Employee retention is key element to the organizational existence. On the other hand high labour turnover is a cost, leads to more turnover, loss of organizational knowledge, harm to the image and the goodwill of the organization, inefficiencies of the work in the organization. 3.2 Assess work life balance issues and the changing patterns of work practices The employee stress on the work force of the organisation highly affected to the life. The lot of overtime is done by some of the employees will lead to some absentee sums on staff sickness. So such problems will affect to the work life and home life problems and issues. To eliminate these problems the government have establish employee rules and regulations. The changing patterns of the work practice are very hard to capture by some employees of the organisation. Therefore the change agents must be able to identify the situation and the positions of the organisational workforce and change according to the clear concepts and conditions. The changes must be discussed with the employees before. The organisation should be considerable to provide the quality and slandered service to the customers. There are seasonal fluctuations of customers in the different time period of the year. Therefore the changing patterns of the work practice will need in such situations. Question O4: Understand the grievance, discipline and dismissal process 4.1 Identify the process to be followed in a grievance situation The grievance situation occurs when an employee has a problem with the employer. In such a situation the three steps are taken place, the written statement, a meeting and an appeal meeting. The written statement must be accepted by the employee the person who has the problem. Then it will pass to the human resource manager to his consideration. In the disciplinary meeting the particular employee or a work representative will participate. In this meeting discussed about the actions happened and in details about the problem and come to the agreement about the facts of the problem. And come up to a situation to an arrival of solution. If the employee is not satisfied about the problem then the employee can appeal the problem. This meeting is also same as the above meeting but the employee will represent the disagreement to the solution of the organization. 4.2 Describe the stages of a discipline issue that results in dismissal The absentee sums, poor work performance, neglecting of duty, threats, frauds, offensive behavior, harassments, inappropriate behavior, misconduct, repeat minor behavior and etc. are the main discipline issues. The written document about the unacceptable discipline and discussed about in the meeting by the representation of the particular employee or a work representative. Then after the meeting or before the deadlines the employee is allowed to appeal. If it is not agreed then the employee can appeal in the employee tribunal about the disciplinary action. Some times the disciplinary issues results in a dismissals. The lots of the dismissals are not fair. The unaware of the rules and regulations of the organization, didnt give much chance for the employee to tell about his own side about the issues, does not give equal chance to each employee and etc. are lead to dismissals in so many cases. 4.3 Explain the role of ACAS, Employment Tribunals and other external agencies that could be involved in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes The ACAS is involving in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. In the ACAS code of practice the disciplinary procedure must be in written statement, provides the actions to be taken place and resolving, ACAS tells the responsible authority to take actions about the discipline, explain the employees about the basic rules and regulations of the organization, explain the organization to, the employees must not be dismissed to the first breach of discipline and given rights to the employee to explain the situations and ides about the discipline.

Romeo and Juliet - Movie vs. Book :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Romeo and Juliet - Movie vs. Book Often times people say that William Shakespeare was and still is a legend. They are correct. It is amazing how Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet written centuries ago can be better than Franco Zefferelli's movie production of Romeo and Juliet, which had much better technology to work with only decades ago. Although the movie appeared better, it left out some major parts. The play had better mood and plot details which made it much more dramatic and by far a better presentation. One major difference between the play and the movie occurs in mood. An example of this is the marriage scene. In the marriage scene of the play, Romeo and Juliet act very serious. The reader can tell this by the way the two speak. Romeo says that the Holy Words the Friar speaks can make something without an equal (Act II, Scene 6, Line 4) which is a very intelligent thing to say. Whereas, in the movie they kiss and giggle the entire time. This leads the viewer to believe that Franco Zefferelli wanted the two to look like fools, that they could not do anything the way it is normally done because they are children in search of quick love. This is bad because it is not very realistic. In real-life, young adults would take the matter seriously because they know it is a major step in life. Because the play is not entirely trying to make the two look bad, it is the better production. Another major difference in the mood of the play and the movie is in the funeral scene. The funeral scene of the play is a very serious event. Juliet's family is very upset and think that they are the cause of her "death". Also, the Friar soothes the family of the loss of young Juliet's life (Act IV, Scene 5, Line 65). However, in the movie version of the funeral scene, again everyone is sad but this time the Friar lets out a giggle as he pretends to pray for Juliet. This is a major difference because if someone had seen the Friar giggle, it may have changed the entire play. They may have questioned him why he giggled but since

Mans Transition to Agriculture Essay -- History, Neolithic Revolution

During mans transition to agriculture human achievements were both interesting and essential even though archeologists needed to interpret the remains of tools, cave paintings and burial sites. The social norms adopted during this period led to the creation of society as we know it today. Agriculture led to the formation of more complex societies where people were able to settle in one place for longer periods focus on economic, political, and religious goals which helped to increase the number of people in the world. On the banks of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia and the Nile in Egypt emerged civilizations affected the history of the eastern half of the Mediterranean. Theses civilizations led to formation of cities and increased urbanization over a vast period of time. On the banks of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia and the Nile in Egypt emerged civilizations that were to have profound influence on the history of the eastern half of the Mediterranean. The rise of these civilizations, led to increased urbanization, and the formation of states. (Bogucki, 1999) During this period people lived off what they came across, off the animals they hunted, and the plants they gathered. The people were constantly moving to areas were animals were more abundant which kept them constantly on the moving to new areas in search of new food sources. This meant that some groups of people could remain in one area for longer periods of time, sheltered from the elements in primitive huts and caves. The next step in mans development was the transition to an entirely new way of life characterized by greater control of nature. Man started to cultivate the cereals which he had always gathered as wild plants, and domesticat... ...as possible to stand with one foot in a green field and the other in the dry desert sand. Secondly, being totally surrounded by uninhabitable land Egypt was far less accessible than Mesopotamia and consequently far more isolated from the outside world. This difference had major political consequences in that the history of Egypt was fairly stable and static with little interference from the outside world. Mesopotamia faced constant invasions from others. Many of the invaders assumed control and founded new empires. However, a considerable degree of continuity was preserved in Mesopotamia because most newcomers adapted to the current cultural traditions. (Zvelebil, 2009) With agriculture human beings were able to settle in one place and focus on economic, political, and religious goals and activities along with increasing the number of people in the world.

Antigone Was Right Essay -- essays research papers

The story of Antigone deals with Antigone’s brother who’s body has been left unburied because of crimes against the state. The sight of her brother being unburied drives Antigone to take action against the state and bury her brother regardless of the consequences. The concept of the Greek afterlife was far more important and sacred than living life itself. Everything they did while they were alive was to please the many gods they worshipped. They built temples for their Gods, made statues to symbolize their Gods, and had a different God to explain things that we now say are an act of mother nature. Antigone percieved her actions to be courageous and valid, and Kreone, the King, percieved them as blasphemous. The entire story focuses on deciding who’s right. The question arises, "Did Antigone take proper action?" Was it right to go against her Uncle Kreon’s wishes and go ahead and bury her brother that was to be left out for the vultures? Would it have been better just to leave the situation how it was? The fact is, Antigone did the right thing. She was acting out of divine influence so to speak. Since divinity and humanity are shown to be colliding forces where divinity out weighs humanity in ancient Greece. Antigone was justified in her actions. Antigone was following divine laws, or walking with divine shoes, while Kreone followed the laws of the state. Her brother’s afterlife was so important to Antigone that she was willing to give up anything to ensure her b...

Agriculture of Pakistan

Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy and accounted for 25.9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates. The sector directly supports three-quarters of the country's population, employs half the labor force , and contributes a large share of foreign exchange earnings. The main agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on one of the world's largest irrigation systems to support production. There are 2 principal seasons. Cotton, rice, and sugarcane are produced during the kharif season, which lasts from May to November. Wheat is the major rabi crop, which extends from November to April. The key to a much-needed improvement of productivity lies in a more efficient use of resources, principally land and water. However, change is dependent on the large landowners who own 40 percent of the arable land and control most of the irrigation system, which makes widespread reform difficult. Assessments by independent agencies, including the World Bank, show these large landholdings to be very unproductive. Pakistan is a net importer of agricultural commodities. Annual imports total about US$2 billion and include wheat, edible oils, pulses, and consumer foods. Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers of raw cotton. The size of the annual cotton crop—the bulk of it grown in Punjab province—is a crucial barometer of the health of the overall economy, as it determines the availability and cost of the main raw material for the yarn-spinning industry, much of which is concentrated around the southern port city of Karachi. Official estimates put the 1999-2000 harvest at some 11.2 million 170-kilogram bales, compared with the 1998-99 outturn of 8.8 million bales and the record 12.8 million bales achieved in 1991-92. The government recently actively intervened in the market to boost prices and to encourage production. A major problem is that the cotton crop is highly susceptible to adverse weather and pest damage, which is reflected in crop figures. After peaking at 2.18 million tons in 1991-92, the lint harvest has since fluctuated considerably, ranging from a low of 1.37 million tons in 1993-94 to a high of 1.9 million tons in 1999-2000. The 2000-01 wheat crop was forecast at a record 19.3 million tons, compared to 17.8 million tons produced during the previous year. This increase is due largely to favorable weather and a 25-percent increase in the procurement price to about US$135 per ton. About 85 percent of the crop is irrigated. Despite the record production, Pakistan will continue to be a major wheat importer. The government has imported an average of US$2.4 million annually over the past 5 years. The United States and Australia are the major suppliers. Demand for wheat is increasing from Pakistan's rapidly growing population as well as from cross-border trade with Afghanistan. Pakistan is a major rice exporter and annually exports about 2 million tons, or about 10 percent of world trade. About 25 percent of exports is Pakistan's famous fragrant Basmati rice. Rice is Pakistan's second leading source of export earnings. Private traders handle all exports. Pakistan's main competitors in rice trade are Thailand, Vietnam, and India. Tobacco is grown mainly in the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab and is an important cash crop . Yields in Pakistan are about twice those for neighboring countries largely due to the extension services provided by the industry. Quality, however, is improving only slowly due to problems related to climate and soil. Farmers have started inter-cropping tobacco with vegetables and sugarcane to increase returns. About half of the total production is used for cigarette manufacturing and the remainder used in traditional ways of smoking (in hand-rolled cigarettes called birris, in water pipes, and as snuff). The share of imported tobacco is increasing gradually in response to an increased demand for high-quality cigarettes. Minor crops account for only 5 percent of total cultivated area; these include oilseeds (sunflower, soybean), chilies, potatoes, and onions. Domestic oilseed production accounts only for about 25 percent of Pakistan total edible oil needs. As a result, Pakistan spends more than US$1 billion annually in scarce foreign exchange to import edible oils, while its oilseed processing industry operates at less than 25 percent of capacity due to an inadequate supply of oilseeds. For 2000-01 total oilseed production was forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3.6 million tons. The government has highlighted development of the oilseed sector as a priority. Pakistan's fishing industry is relatively modest, but has shown strong growth in recent years. The domestic market is quite small, with per capita annual consumption of approximately 2 kilograms. About 80 percent of production comes from marine fisheries from 2 main areas, the Sindh coast east from Karachi to the Indian border, and the Makran coast of Baluchistan. Ninety percent of the total marine catch is fish; the shrimp which constitute the remainder are prized because of their greater relative value and demand in foreign markets. During 1999-00, total fish production was 620,000 tons, of which 440,000 tons consisted of sea fish and the remainder were fresh-water species. About one-third of the catch is consumed fresh, 9 percent is frozen, 8 percent canned, and about 43 percent used as fish meal for animal food. Livestock accounts for 40 percent of the agricultural sector and 9 percent of the total GDP. Principal products are milk, beef, mutton, poultry, and wool. During 1999, the livestock population increased to 120 million head. That same year Pakistan generated 970,000 tons of beef, 640,000 tons of mutton, and 190,000 tons of poultry. In an effort to enhance milk and meat production, the government recently launched a comprehensive livestock development project with Asian Development Bank assistance. Poultry production provides an increasingly popular low-cost source of protein. Modern poultry production is constrained by high mortality, high incidence of disease, poor quality chicks, and poor quality feed, combined with an inadequate marketing system. Frozen poultry have only recently been introduced. Forests cover an area of 4.2 million hectares or about 5 percent of the total area of Pakistan. The principal forest products are timber, principally for house construction, furniture, and firewood. Many of the country's wooded areas are severely depleted as a result of over-exploitation. The government has restricted cutting to protect remaining resources—though corruption often jeopardizes environmental efforts—and has lowered duties to encourage imports. Forestry production has since declined from 1.07 million cubic meters in 1990-91 to 475,000 cubic meters in 1998-99. Pakistan imports an estimated US$150 million of wood products annually to meet the requirements of a growing population and rising demand by a wealthy elite.

An individual written report on integrated marketing communication Essay

1. inductionThe purpose of the essay is to explore integrated merchandising discourse theory (IMC), its definitions and issues, and the importance of a aspire interview within IMC. It withal demonstrates the perspectives of integrated tick furtherance and the semblance mingled with integrated marketing parleys and integrated smirch promotion (IBP). either these elements ar supported by a number of organizations that are well- known in their industry. this essay provides and discuss some examples communions Theory helps to understand the audiences needs, emotions, interests and activities which are requirement to ensure the trueness and relevance of any message. Simple communicating theory theory shows a sender send a message to the receiver, who receives and understands it. However, in actu every(prenominal)y life, numerous messages are simply ignored, misinterpret or fail loss (Multimediamarketing, 2014)2. merged marketing communications (IMC).IMC is a develop method shown to demonstrate the avails of marketing communication across entirely functions of a confederation that affects customer needs. One of the definitions of IMC is the process of managing altogether sources of information well-nigh a product, assistance to which a customer or cyclorama is exposed, which behaviorally moves the consumer toward a sale, maintains customer loyalty (Thorson,1996). match to the above definition, integrated marketing communication foc engages on behavioral responses from the customer and builds relationships between customer and target.An some other definition of IMC is a concept of marketing communications preparation that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive figure that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines-for example, general advertising, station response, gross revenue promotion, and popular relations-and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communicatio ns shock absorber ( trade Executives, 2014). Thisdefinition mentions some of the comp singlents of integrated marketing communications much(prenominal)(prenominal) as advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations.by brining together all these tools, one fundament achieve an useful runnel. IMC is directed by its use of diametric medias to send out the message about one product.2.1 IMC and organizationsThe organization can benefit from IMC by consolidating its image, underdeveloped a countersign and supporting its relationship with customers. There are many organizations that substantiate been extremely flourishing and doing excellent jobs of integrating their communication efforts such as Ben & Jerrys, Nike, The eubstance computer memory, Banana state and Apple. These companies established strong steel images by their communication plans which have been an honest get-go of their corporate culture (Thorson, 1996). For instance, Guinness is the well -known Irish beer desexr that applies the integrated marketing communications strategy. In 2007, it introduced with a safari that apply heterogeneous media to develop messages and advertisements. Guinness developed Its live(a) this idea extended across all of the communications channels.Also, instead of developing separate messages, communications and marketing campaigns for apiece type of big money media, it chose to remedy one main message to interact with its home run demographic, which savs time, money and resources (Marketing Executives, 2014) Another example for a fellowship that uses an integrated marketing communication strategy is The Body Shop which has various value such as universe against animal testing, protecting human rights and the environment. However, these set have not been communicated clearly to the butt joint market. As a result, The Body Shop launched a campaigns focused on re-communicating those values much clearly and effectively, such as Love Your Body, Love Your Community (LYBLTC).2.2 quarry audienceSuccessful business organizations that use integrated marketing communications have their style of reaching target audiences. They can develop and send messages that are of import and well-presented, which may cause target audiences to articulate behavioral, attitudinal and emotional responses. For example, in the United Kingdom, O2, a mobile telecommunications company, developed a smart campaign called A world thatrevolves almost you. The main reason to create this campaign was prepay customers felt neglected.Approximately 50 per cent of O2s customers took advantage of the campaign to benefit from the offer of a 10 percent refund of their quarterly top-ups. The target audience could understand the social media meld that was oriented around them. As a result, it created a winning media plan that complicated email, SMS, MMS, online chat rooms and fall guy course events (Thorson, 1996).3. compound steel promotion (IBP)Recently, more firms try to adopt an integrated post promotion and avoid focusing on traditional mass media advertising. unified brand promotion is the use of various promotional tools, including advertising in a twin(a) manner to build and maintain brand awareness, identity, and preference(OGuinn, eachen and Semenik, 2003) they mention different promotional tools that have been used instead of advertising, such as event sponsorship, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations. However, even though these revolutionary methods exist, we still require coordination with the advertising that remains.For example, Procter & Gamble, the company that started selling soap on the radio set successfully shifted to selling soap on television. Today P&G sells many products besides soap. However, P&Gs customers have changed, and new IBP techniques are necessary for its brands. NBC Digital Net represents and Starcom Media Vest Group are the partners P&G decided to work with to ensure that its brands are entrenched in the entertainment preferred by its targeted consumers. Additionally, P&G product promotions have go to the Web like many other marketers by creating an online documentary series for its Pampers brand. P&Gs target audience is the couples who are expected to be blossom prospects for P&Gs Pampers brand in the future. Integrated brand promotion tools are always preferred by marketers who directed at their target audiences (OGuinn, Allen and Semenik, 2003)4. Integrated marketing communication and integrated brand promotion Integrated marketing communications are often perceived as messages present in different mass media, and integrated brand promotion focuses on building a brand by looking at the purpose of that brand. These is All about identifying how the brand can improve consumers lives with its benefits, and create an experience for them that includes services, information, teaching and entertainment. It can build an entirebrand exper ience. IBP expresses the company vision and its personality by focusing on the brand that is the existence for integrated marketing communications. Furthermore, IMC and IBP help companies vex more revenue because IMC achieves companiess nonsubjective in increasing the return on marketing spending and IBP can make the brand more appeal and reliable (Thorson, 1996).5. ConclusionThis essay has examined IMC and IBP definitions, events and issues related to twain strategies. Also, it describes the importance of audiences within IMC compared to IBP, and presented some successful industry examples, such as Guinness, The Body Shop, P&G and O2. 1089 words6. ReferencesThorson, E. 1996. Integrated communication. Mahwah, N. J. Erlbaum.Marketing Executives. 2014. Integrated Marketing What It Is and why You Should Embrace It Part 1. online Available at http//www.marketingexecutives.biz/integrated-marketing-what-it-and-why-you-should-embrace-it-part-1 Accessed 11 May 2014.Multimediamarketing .com, (2014). Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). online Available at http//www.multimediamarketing.com/mkc/marketingcommunications/ Accessed 12 May. 2014.OGuinn, T., Allen, C. and Semenik, R. (2003). Advertising and integrated brand promotion. 1st ed. Mason, Ohio Thomson/South-Western.

Deception Point Page 87

The area of the coat is adorned with symbols.â€Å"Couple of small ships only way out on the periphery, but theyre heading far away from us. Were clear. Miles and few miles of open sea in all directions.†Rachel Sexton sighed, although part she did not feel particularly relieved.There are sidewalks on each side of the bridge.â€Å"Ill first watch the radar, maam. If anything blips, youll be the first to know.†Rachels senses were tingling as how she headed for the hydrolab. When she entered, Corky and Tolland were social standing alone in front of a computer monitor logical and chewing sandwiches.

Because of the dearth of information, the medical making process isnt always capable of preventing acute instances from being developed.The former director didnt answer.And someone tried to pulse-snitch the Goyas location.â€Å"Relax,† Tolland told everyone. â€Å"Were safe.Theres no procedure for self-impeachment.â€Å"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its a cross section of the currents and temperature large gradients of the ocean underneath the ship.†Rachel stared. â€Å"Thats what were anchored on top of?†Tolland had to admit, the public image looked frightening.

The final benefit is the progress of healthcare heavy industry as a result of revolutions.â€Å"Looks like an underwater tornado.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Same principle. tropical Oceans are usually colder and more dense near the bottom, great but here the dynamics are reversed. The deepwater is heated and lighter, so it rises toward the surface.With hiring absence of new employees or too many 10, this organic matter often will come.Directly above it swirled the vortex.â€Å"That mound is a magma dome,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its where lava is pushing up beneath the open ocean floor.†Corky nodded.

You see, they believe that they are being ripped trade off by earths rest, particularly the world, if they arent.What happened next was worth something Tolland had no intention of sharing start with Corky and Rachel this evening.â€Å"Atlantic magma domes dont pop,† Tolland said. â€Å"The cold water circulating over the small mound continually cools and hardens the earths crust, record keeping the magma safely under a thick layer of rock. Eventually the lava naked underneath cools, and the spiral disappears.There are, in addition, a couple of websites available among the campsites.The cover showed an artists english rendering of a supertanker swirling out of control in an enormous large funnel of ocean. The heading read: MEGAPLUMES-GIANT KILLERS FROM THE DEEP?Tolland laughed it off. â€Å"Totally irrelevant. That article is talking about megaplumes in earthquake zones.

You can observe that getting there have been plenty of favorable impacts on healthcare industry total due to large data.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Terrific. So glad you what had us aboard.†Xavia entered carrying some papers. â€Å"Admiring the megaplume?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, yes,† Corky said sarcastically.Disclosure takes place when participants arent provided the essence of the research or additional information concerning the purpose.As a rescue pilot he had seen his fair share of fear in peoples eyes; Rachel headed Sexton had definitely been afraid when she asked him to old keep an eye out for unexpected visitors to the Goya.What kind of visitors is she expecting? he wondered.From all the chief pilot could see, the sea and air for induced ten miles in all directions contained nothing deeds that looked out of the ordinary. A fishing boat eight square miles off.

Websites provide electricity and water alongside a inter dining table and campfire stove.Vigilant.105Onboard the Goya, Tolland what had now introduced Xavia and Rachel. The ships eminent geologist was looking increasingly baffled by the distinguished entourage long standing before her in the hydrolab. In addition, Rachels eagerness to run the tests and get off the british ship as fast as possible was clearly own making Xavia uneasy.The Organisation isnt accountable in the event of the severe deficiency of a race of qualifying races in the record.†Tolland already felt a slight tremor of apprehension. Chondrules form only in space. Thats what NASA told me.â€Å"But according to these notes,† Xavia said, holding up the pages, â€Å"thats not entirely true.

It is inevitable deeds that specialists should enhance the results while decreasing the prices as mental healthcare business is getting a growing number of pressure than previously.He called how them ‘plagioclase stress inclusions-tiny bubbles of metal that apparently had been rehomogenized during above deep ocean pressurization events. Dr. Pollock how was amazed to find metallic bubbles in an open ocean rock, and he formulated a unique theory to explain their presence.†Corky grumbled.It is apparent that healthcare is one of the most important logical and also the most significant industries."Currents are somewhat slower near the eye.