The Production Of Ammonium Nitrate

The Production Of Ammonium treatMoreover, the emission of SO2, NH3 and NO in the atmosphere and particular matter of the secondary compound discharge form also ammonium ion ion ion treat. At manner temperature and standard pressure, the ammonium treat looks like white crystalline lusty. The collar figures below show the structure formula, and ball-stick model of the crystal structure of ammonium treat. Ammonium- treat-xtal-3D-balls-A.pngMarketing the ammonium nitrate as fertilizer became famous oecumenic since 1920s. Than the market started to become low in 2001 and 2002 due to the security ext reverse to that followed in September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center which make it very difficult to perplex, transport and handle ammonium nitrate. After that, because of the changes that accumulated in agricultural subsidy policies, urea has become the most eventful compound. This is because urea has miner safety issues, gamyer nitrogen fertilizer content, and it is less(prenominal) expensive to manufacture. In 2004, the consumption of ammonium nitrate started to improve.The ammonium nitrate is pure so the amount of ammonium nitrate present is more than in a given quantity of solvent such(prenominal) as piddle, NH3 and HNO3. This influence is done in an evapourator. The feed enter the evaporator tank which is support with the re-boiler heat exchanger. The heat exchanger re-boiled the ammonium nitrate solution until the solvents such as H2O, NH3 and HNO3 evaporated leaving a more subjugated solution called break up ammonium nitrate. Usually the amount of take to the woods ammonium nitrate melt resulting from the evaporator is 95% to 99.8%. In addition, the evaporated solvent will be recycled affirm to the CSTR.Additives such as magnesium oxide or magnesium nitrate which they argon non widely used are sometimes added to the melt ammonium nitrate for m any(prenominal) reasons. One of the reasons is to increase the crystalline transitio n temperature of the last(a) ammonium nitrate satisfying harvesting. Moreover, they are used to reduce the caking by removing the water or any different liquids, and to reduce the freezing point of run ammonium nitrate to allow solidification to happen at a low temperature. The additive and the run ammonium nitrate are complex in a static mixer.The most common process to produce solid ammonium nitrate with the spherical shape is prilling process. A prill rise is used to produce the prills of solid ammonium nitrate. On the top of the prill newspaper column, the concentrated melt of ammonium nitrate melt is sprayed, and on the bottom of the prill tower, an argument is rising by a blower. The falling droplets of ammonium nitrate is cooled and change integrity into a spherical prills when they are encounter to a rising air. former(prenominal) the end harvest-feasts have low density prills due to the concentration of the molten ammonium nitrate. The low density prills have mo re porous than high density prills. Therefore, the prills will absorb moisture content more easily, and may cause lamps and product deterioration. Drying process by vaporization is required to except water or any other liquid from the solid ammonium nitrate prills. In a static bed tower, the solid prills are placed in that respect and from the bottom of the tower, a hot air is passed by the solid prills.The desired end product is spherical ammonium nitrate solid. However, the solid product may produce in variety of sizes. A screen process is needed to check consistently the sizes of the solid product to have only the required size. The off size prills are recycled back to the evaporation process. The right size prills load to a cooling process, where it cools humble the end product for further operations.Coating process is needed to nurture the product from agglomeration during storage and shipment. However, sometimes it is not needed. This is because the additives that were added earlier was melted before solidification. Therefore, there is no need to coat the products with clays or diatomaceous earth for product protection.Finally, the end products of ammonium nitrate solid prills are manufactured. Therefore, there are ready for storage or shipment by bulk or bags.2. Production of granulated solid ammonium nitrate kneading granules solid ammonium nitrate is the same as the first production of prills of solid ammonium nitrate. However, this time instead of using prill tower, it uses synchronous converter bring up. This occurred by atomizer concentrated ammonium nitrate in a rotating cylindrical drum onto small and fine particles of ammonium nitrate. As particular rotate in the rotary drum, layers of NH4NO3 are added to particles which form granules. The NH4NO3 solid will than goes to the scanner. The ammonium nitrate granules are cooled down to avoid lamps. The under-size granules are crushed and recycled back to the rotary drum as particles. On th e other hand, the oversize granules are change state and recycled back to the solution process.3. Ammonium nitrate solution process ammonium hydroxide gas NH3 and nitric acid solution HNO3 is added to a neutralization nuclear reactor. This process is an exothermic neutralization reaction which produced ammonium nitrate solution with steam. Therefore, the reactor that used is jacket continues stirred tank reactor the resulting steam which is vapor water, ammonium hydroxide, and nitric acid is send to the ammonium nitrate scrubber to shoot it from the neutralization reactor. The steam can be purified or can be condensed than purified. In addition, the steam can be used in the evaporator to concentrate ammonium nitrate solution or a pre heater. . The resulting solution is send to random tank after the solution is cooled. Finally the product is shipped to other plants for further processing. The picture below shows the production of ammonium nitrate solution.Process selectionThe most significant armorial bearing in producing ammonium nitrate is to enhance the properties of agriculture around the world as a fertilizer. It improves the yield of the plants, gives nutrition, and makes it healthy and free from diseases. It is cheap and available in agriculture stores. It can also be used in explosive, but it is very unreliable and risky. It affects the public safety in the country. Therefore, production of spherical solid ammonium nitrate process is the best selection than the others for many factors.Around 60% in the US and in other European countries companies produced solid ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 as a fertilizer. Moreover, granulation proficiency is old technique and it requires more complicated plants and a variety of equipments such as rotating drums, fluidized beds and more. Currently, there are no plants in Europe using this technique any more. Nowadays, most fertilizers companies use prill technique for the production of solid ammonium nitrate. oddmentIn brief, the production of ammonium nitrate was done by adding ammonia gas and nitric acid solution. The production of ammonium nitrate passed with three main unit operations, which they are neutralization, evaporation and solidification. The choice of the final product was influenced by the commercial matter. Chemical and physical properties ammonium nitrate shows how it can be used in industrial market. It can be used mostly in agriculture and as explosive agent. The aim of the process was to produce a spherical solid ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer to help improve the agriculture market. The prill tower was used instead of rotary drum to get the required end product. Some diagrams such as block mix diagram, process flow diagram and Aspen Hysys diagram was drown to shows the flow of the ammonium nitrate production.